The purpose of this study is to investigate whether customer intention to purchase luxury products from the online stores of fashion luxury retailers varies depending on their degree of corporate image and showrooming strategy, when the retailers do not have a wider store network in the region where customers live

This paper aims to study the role of the emerging technology landscape and collaborative Platforms in customer relationship management (CRM) unravelling novel opportunities for mutual co-creation in Indian banking context.

The paper utilizes a novel agency theory perspective to argue that governments are opportunistic agents of citizens at the country level. Extending extant international business literature, this study theoretically integrates various antecedents of foreign direct investments examined discretely in past studies and explains how the natures of governments influence the foreign direct investment decisions. The paper proposes a moderated mediation model where control mechanism such as access to justice moderates the strength of the mediated relationship between democracy and foreign direct investments via absence of corruption, such that the mediated relationship will be stronger under high control mechanism than under low control mechanism. Based on a sample of 90 countries, the empirical results indicate that democracy positively influences the amount of foreign direct investments through absence of corruption. In addition, access to justice moderates the relationships. Theoretical and managerial implications of the findings are discussed.

The classroom activity outlined in the paper demonstrates how a conceptual class in Operations Management can be transformed into an activity driven experiential learning exercise to demonstrate the concepts of Push and Pull manufacturing strategies. A six step simple assembly line is designed with the help of student volunteers producing an assembled origami fighter jet that mimics a real life assembly line with different subassembly processes. During the course of the origami fighter jet production, different strategies of Push and Pull manufacturing techniques are applied to the assembly line. The rest of the class observe and document key performance indicators on the basis of which a comparison and contrast is drawn during the debriefing session. This simulated experiential learning exercise is designed to be a part of Operations Management course work and can be performed both for undergraduate and graduate level courses in Operations and works best in classroom size of 30 students and above

This paper is an attempt to examine the impact of investors? attention on returns and the traded volume of American Depository Receipts prices for selected ten Indian Stocks. The Google search volume index has been used as a proxy for investors? attention in this paper. However, factors such as size and book to market ratio were used to indicate as control variables. The results reveal that investors? attention variable significantly affects ADRs traded volume, but has no impact on the ADR prices.

The present research attempts to qualitatively explore the motivators and barriers of organic food consumption in the Indian context. The data were collected using semi- structured in‐depth interviews and analyzed using grounded theory. The theoretical sampling technique was used to interview 34 consumers who have purchased organic food in the past. The findings reported health consciousness, environmental consciousness, social identity, consumer ethnocentrism, and concern for farmers as the factors that motivate organic food purchase among consumers. The factors such as high prices of organic food, unavailability, trust issues, and limited marketing communications from the firms were identified as major barriers to organic food purchase and consumption. The study is one of the initial attempts to qualitatively explore the consumers motivation for organic food consumption in the Indian context. The findings will help policymakers to devise suitable strategies so that they can effectively target the organic food choices by understanding the motivators/barriers, and promote the sustainable lifestyle in the society, as food consumption plays a crucial role in achieving environmental sustainability.

This exploratory study was conducted to examine the reasons behind credit defaults in Self‐help Group‐based microfinance programs in India. The study adopted the mixed‐method approach. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted to collect information, and thematic analysis was followed to analyze data to identify the possible causes of loan defaults in self‐help groups (SHGs). Further, 120 defaulting and 120 performing, SHGs were selected through stratified random sampling method. Finally, 960 respondents were randomly selected from 240 SHGs to collect information for quantitative inquiry. The ordinary least square (OLS) and profit models were engaged to process the data. This study identified three important attribution sets causing credit defaults, (i) bank‐related attributes, (ii) agency related attributes, and (iii) group dynamics. The probability of defaults in SHGs was predicted by the amount of loan disbursed by bank, agency's help in enterprise development, age of the microenterprise, micro-entrepreneurship of the SHG member, SHG visits to the bank, members dropped out from SHG, tenure of the president and secretary, and monthly membership saving in the SHG

This paper aims to analyze the impacts of distinct advertising appeals on brand attitudes and purchase intentions toward green brands across two different product categories (technology- intensive and technology non-intensive)among the young adult consumers..

The case is about EnviGreen Biotech that produces an alternative to plastic bags that is 100 per cent organic, biodegradable and recyclable. The case focuses on how the concept of sustainability is being incorporated into the organization. Currently, the EnviGreen bags are manufactured in India and are being exported to South East Asian and Middle East countries. Along with this, the company has also started manufacturing bags for the organized retailers in India, but still to enter into the retail consumer market. The case ends up with the discussion that whether EnviGreen Biotech should enter into the B2C market in India or not as the products are costlier than plastic bags and price sensitive nature of Indian consumers is a major concern

Subsidy programs are sponsored by government and international agencies to improve affordability and accessibility of food and health products for socially deprived community. Although the donors in such programs allocate substantial resources to fund subsidies, a lot of it is wasted due to the inefficiency in the system arising out of product shrinkage and misplacement. This study analyzes the impact of private participation and advanced technology like RFID adoption on the donor subsidy under target consumption level. We formulate the problem as a donor funding the subsidy program through for-profit/not-for-profit newsvendor and compare the equivalent subsidy per consumption with and without RFID. We perform numerical analysis, collecting data from the public distribution system of India, and the results indicate that, unless the for-profit firm operates under a substantially reduced level of shrinkage and misplacement, the donor should always prefer a not-for-profit firm for program implementation. We also observe that among all the scenarios, a not-for-profit firm with advanced technology like RFID requires minimum donor subsidy to generate the target expected consumption..

The present study examines the presence of seasonal anomalies and volatility clustering in the Malaysian securities market in the post-global financial crisis period. An analysis has been performed for 11 different broad and sectoral indices of the Bursa Malaysia stock exchange. The time frame of one decade post the global financial crisis, that is, from 2009 to 2018, has been chosen for the empirical analysis. The results provide strong support for the existence of the presence of the day-of-theweek effect and the trading-month effect for the Malaysian market. However, there is weak evidence supporting the month-of-the-year effect. The results further highlight significant volatility clustering for the Malaysian market. Moreover, it is also observed that negative shocks generate higher volatility in the Malaysian market, as compared to positive shocks. The overall results confirm that the Malaysian market is not weak-form efficient in the post-global financial crisis period.

The objective of this study is to gain insights into the experiences of employees regarding their social media usage and consequences of social media overuse at the workplace. Fourteen semi-structured interviews were conducted, audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) procedures. The qualitative data was collected from the employees working in renowned IT/ITES companies in India. The themes that emerged are lack of sleep; backache and eye strain; feeling of envy; lack of depth in the relationships; tendency to seek approvals; not meeting deadlines; compromise with the work quality; distraction from work. The present study intends to assist human resource managers in designing appropriate policies and guidelines pertaining to employees’ social media usage at the workplace.

The purpose of this paper is to examine how business ecosystems evolve, what is the identity of business ecosystem and is the ecosystem identity static or dynamics. To understand the above questions, this paper is conducted on stone carving clusters in India

In the literature on global market integration, the strength of interdependence has been measured in different ways. However, only an accurate measure of strength of interdependence helps in understanding the nature of integration among markets. This article, by employing novel time-frequency based wavelet techniques, analyses the interdependence of global equity markets from a heterogeneous investor perspective, with a special focus on the Indian stock market. With the wavelet framework effectively capturing the heterogeneity of market participants’ space of operation, an analysis grounded in this framework allows one to capture information from a different dimension than the traditional time domain analyses, where the multiscale structures of financial markets are clearly extracted.

This paper investigates the phenomenon of contagion among some selected global equity markets using novel methods from wavelet-based time-frequency analysis. It surveys some seminal literature on contagion and examines, using both continuous and discrete wavelet methods, the effects of major financial crises on Indian markets. Strong evidence of co-movements in the short run, which indicates contagion, between Indian and some East Asian markets is observed, signifying diversification risks for Indian investors during periods of financial turbulence.

Forced Grading Systems are popular and accepted for evaluating students, particularly in business schools. Under such systems students' numerical test scores are converted to letter grades (A, B, etc.) and awarded in mandated percentages. In common practice, schools mandate that 10% to 15% of students in a class receive As, 25% to 35% Bs, and 40% to 50% Cs. However, instructors must identify what numerical cutoffs satisfy mandated grade distributions, and that tedious effort might entail several solutions. This study introduces an Excel-based template with which instructors can establish numerical cutoffs that distribute students' grades in accord with mandated standards. Results indicate that the spreadsheet template is an efficient tool to evaluate students following the Forced Grading System

The case is about struggles of Danone India, a French based firm that envisioned high stakes in the Indian dairy market but had to exit early due to its inability to adapt to the Indian market conditions. The firm had a vision of “giving fresh impetus to the business and conquering the world” that transcended boundaries by providing healthier dairy products to the customers. Danone plans to expand into emerging markets by 2020, an endeavor driving 12 percent of its dairy business. The 22-billion-USD French food giant entered in India in the year 2010. It forayed into India’s dairy market with milk products such as flavored yogurt, buttermilk, cold coffee, curd, and smoothies. Danone was known to excel in its nutrition-based products, which were more than 90 percent of the business in India. However, having covered 200,000 retail outlets in 20 cities once, Danone struggled to expand and failed to capture the Indian dairy market, leading to its exit in 2018

Determining the optimum number of suppliers and the optimum quantities to order from each of them is a critical problem for any supply chain. The objective of this paper is to identify the optimal sourcing policy of a retailer for the single and multi-period context when the firm can source its order to multiple suppliers along with a back-up supplier for the emergency situations. The expected total profit is mathematically modelled for single and multi-period scenarios. The optimal sourcing policy is obtained by maximizing the expected total profit with respect to the order quantities. Closed form solution is obtained for uniformly distributed demand for both single and multi-period scenarios. It is observed that the multi-period solution is less sensitive compared to the single-period solution. Also, it is found that it is optimal for the firm to lessen the amount of supplier diversification in case of planning for multiple periods.

The study explored the influence of tourism IT adoption and risk management orientation on tourism supply chain agility and resilience that may impact sustainable tourism supply chain performance using dynamic capability view. The study gathered 302 perceptual responses from hotels and tour companies and analyzed using structural equation modeling in AMOS. The study also evaluated for invariance of the proposed model across hotels and tour companies. Furthermore, it also explored if tourism IT adoption and risk management orientation moderates the relationship among agility, resilience and sustainable tourism supply chain performance. Implications for theory and tourism managers were provided

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of sustainable management practices sin the current era. The paper highlights the critical role that HR Professionals play in driving this sustainability agenda in organizations.

The paper intends to address the concerns of brand managers in managing the performance of their brands during recessionary times. This is an exploratory study that uses phenomenological approach for inquiry. The specific purpose is to explore the branding and marketing activities attempted by brand managers in India to increase brand value. The paper begins by evaluating the world of branding and brand equity and sets the context that the actual power of the brand confines in the consumers mind. The paper then discusses the research methodology, results and interpretations. The paper offers insights of branding activities that brand managers can use during economic recession. This paper analyses factors that influence brands’ value and also tries to understand the consumer drivers to buy an appropriate brand. The paper has implications for brand managers in developing economies and evolving markets like India, through which it is possible to effectively manage brands in recessionary times. This paper has great value for in-depth research in future. The paper concludes by stating the research limitations, reflects on the findings from the managerial perspective and identifies the future directions of research.

It has long been a struggle and a challenge to define Social Entrepreneurship. Researchers and practitioners over the years are slowly narrowing down to a definition. But that’s the least of the challenges for Social Entrepreneurship. For Social Entrepreneurs, the challenges are many and varied. Among them is the absence of support mechanisms, they have to take high risks in case of investment, lack of innovation, religious backlashes, financial constraints etc. In this paper, the researcher has specially studied two social enterprises: GRAIN and SAFA and enumerated the challenges faced by them. Though these are enterprise specific challenges, these are the barriers faced by all or most of the social enterprises that aims at challenging the socio-economic face of the Society.

The empirical research on contagion spans a huge body of work, each with diverse testing procedures, comprising of advanced modelling techniques where a vast majority of empirical studies on contagion rely on time domain techniques. This paper investigates the phenomenon of contagion among Indian and some selected global equity markets using wavelet based time-frequency analysis and examines the effects of contagion between these markets. Strong evidence of contagion between some developed markets is revealed. However, only long run co-movements between Indian market and developed markets exist, revealing long run interdependence but not contagion

Product recalls around the world is increasing every day. Whether it is a marketing gimmick or manufacturing problem, its impact on the stake holders is far reaching and can’t be discounted. In order to understand the financial impact on firms, four Indian automobile companies which recalled products were considered for the study. Results of the event study showed that product recall negatively influences the firm value. Strategies to be followed and implications of the same are also presented

This paper examines the three methods of value at risk using stock prices of Indian banking sector. Ten banks stock prices were used for two years period of Oct 2013 to Oct 2015. Three methods of Value at Risk were employed in this paper namely, Historical, Covariance method and Monte Carlo method. Of the three methods examined, Monte Carlo method would help the portfolio manager to reduce the risk.

Although several firms are coming up with green products many of them have not been able to perform effectively. There is an increasing trend among millennials with regards to considering the impact of their purchases on the environment. Among the many factors considered by them two factors which are of prime importance are green trust and price fairness. Our study establishes that perceived consumer effectiveness leads to green purchasing behavior. We have found partial mediation effects for green trust and price fairness. This study offers important implications for academicians and policymakers

The Asia Pacific Journal of Management publishes original manuscripts on management and organizational research in the Asia Pacific region, encompassing Pacific Rim countries and mainland Asia. APJM focuses on the extent to which each manuscript addresses matters that pertain to the most fundamental question: "What determines firm success?" We seek to publish empirical or conceptual research which improves a broad understanding of this issue. APJM endeasvors to be the major vehicle for exchange of ideas and research among management scholars within or interested in the broadly defined Asia Pacific region

The majority of work engagement studies have been conducted using a quantitative approach with limited attention to the institutional and social contexts. Meanwhile, the role of religion in shaping people’s philosophy and behaviour in life and work has been gaining attention from management researchers. The present paper is a explorative paper which focuses on the changing workplace diversity and coping strategies. This paper responds to calls for more focus on contexts and for deeper qualitative investigations into individual dynamics that concern religiosity and work engagement. It provides evidence that religiosity plays an important role in work engagement. Our findings have implications for people management in organizations that have a diverse workforce representing multiple religions

With the increased complexity in workplaces of today, the task of hiring requires adapting to the changing times and needs. The article aims at identifying new hiring trends and endeavours to provide solutions thereof. This article is the result of search of online recruitment tools and gives insight into the various recruitment tools available online. These tools can go a long way to ease the recruitment processes.

The study investigates the relationship between entrepreneur’s personality characteristics, i.e. need for achievement and internal locus of control, with the process of start-up. Besides, this study examines the role of risk propensity as a mediator in the relationship between personality characteristics and the process of start-up. Also, this study assesses the interaction effects of institutional environment on the relationship between risk propensity and the process of start-ups. Data were collected through a single cross-sectional survey from 478 entrepreneurs in India. The study used partial least squares approach to path modelling to examine the proposed relationship in the research model. After controlling the effects of risk propensity, the results reveal internal locus of control and need for achievement are significantly related to start-up process. Furthermore,the relationship between risk propensity and start-up was moderated by institutional environment. Findings of the study indicate the importance of personal characteristics in the process of start- up. The study also emphasizes how the institutional environment enhances the level of the process of start-up. Moreover, this study is useful in differentiating personality characteristics from non-entrepreneurs.

The paper conceptualized a B2B Social Media Marketing Optimization Model by using Linear Programming mathematical technique. Social Media Marketing as part of digital marketing mix is seen as an effective one-to-one communication and an interactive media.s But Social Media Marketing channels suffers from its poor reach compared to other digital media. As a practice, social media marketing is chosen as per ease of operation, lower cost and not on any quantitative measurements. The optimization model is first of its type since it uses media effectiveness (reach), media efficiency (Cost) and media quality (engagement) as the basis for building the optimization model. The concept presented takes into account complete cost of social media marketing that includes operations cost, production cost and design cost. The other model limits cost of Social Media Marketing to media cost only and usually account for production cost and design cost as a common marketing support cost, which in social media cases may consume a large portion of resources and cost. This also create problems to ascertain the cost in case of owned media or earned media where paid media cost is zero. The model also present a case that if Social Media Marketing Mix is chosen on basis of mathematical calculation, the outcome can be enhanced

The report examines the role and value of energy storage in the context of electricity systems that are expected to absorb increasing quantities of time variable electricity generation from renewable sources in the years ahead. Particular attention is given to India with its vast renewable energy potential and limited interconnection with the major electricity loads. Energy storage technologies cover a wide range of levels of development from mature technologies like pumped hydro with over 50 years of operational experience, to technologies still under development such as solid-state batteries, flow batteries and flywheel- based energy storage solutions and all of these are reviewed. The competitive analysis is done to understand the strengths and weakness of Exicom in respect to its competitors. A secondary market research is done on the total scope and potential of Energy storage solutions in India and then particularly in the Commercial & Industrial (C&I) sector. Analysis and Assessment of state-wise scope of Energy storage solutions in India is also done to know about the most prominent states in which energy storage solutions would be more efficient for the penetration in the C&I sector. The key drivers for the Energy storage solutions are Power Cuts and outages, Diesel Generator Replacement and low carbon emissions. The projections are done for the year 2020 and 2022 and conclusions are drawn in the end with Rajasthan, J&K, and Delhi being few of the states where there is high potential for energy storage solutions

Like any other cosmetics and personal grooming items, the purchase decision for perfumes is also a complex one. Consumers take in to account factors such as brand image, price, fragrance, and of course package of the product. This study was conducted to understand how the elements of packaging viz. Shape, color, and material of the perfume container. Further role of gender on preference also studied. The results obtained from the study showed that men prefer cubical or cuboid shape of containers over cylindrical whereas women preferred cylindrical containers over cuboid and cubical containers. When it comes to color of the container men preferred black containers over blue and red containers whereas women preferred red over blue and black containers. Similarly with regard to type of material no difference in terms preference in case of both gender. Implications for practice also discussed

Communication is basically the demonstration of exchanging data starting with one place to another. In spite of the fact that this is a basic definition, when we consider how we may convey the subject, it turns to be significantly more perplexing. There are different categories of communication and more than one may occur whenever. Through the study, the aim is to understand how communication has evolved and how patterns have emerged over the years giving special priority to the internet and social media. The study explores the new patterns that have emerged specifically in business communication and also how businesses have started interacting with their customers/potential consumers

Sexual harassment has been and still continues to be a major issue across countries and different industries. It does not matter whether the workplace is a construction site with daily wage earners or an MNC where people come from highly qualified backgrounds. Often employees’ faces low job satisfaction and high attrition because of such unwanted incidents. An insecure and hostile work environment is created by Sexual Harassment, which hampers the person’s work efficiency by adversely affecting their social and economic growth. Safety of people is of grave concern and a lot has been written and talked about it. But these conversations have always been a hush-hush one. Majority of this harassment takes place because the victims prefer not to report and because people do not come forward to help the victims. The paper aims at highlighting different legal implications of sexual harassment along with the present situation of sexual harassment at the workplace

Pending....

Over the last few decades consumers have become smore and more attached to their online consumption of goods and entertainment. With people increasingly spending so much time online for various things such as chatting on Facebook, creating stories on instagram etc., it has become an integral part of our lives. As a result of which there is a blurring of boundaries between the real world and the digital world, thereby attracting the fascination of academicians and they are trying to understand what implications it will have on people and how can it benefit companies. This study concludes by highlighting a review about digital extended self, its conclusions etc

In this article, a decentralized newsvendor model is analyzed in the presence of demand uncertainty, where the retailer wishes to postpone his ordering decision by few days until the most accurate demand information is available. The impact of such order postponement on the equilibrium profits of both manufacturer and retailer with and without a buyback contract is subsequently examined to obtain a range of wholesale prices within which the marginal profits for both manufacturer and retailer, which are non-negative. Furthermore, it is observed that the possibility of implementing order postponement is higher when it is done in the presence of a buyback contract as it increase the marginal profits for both manufacturer and retailer and expands the feasible region of wholesale price, which leads to a provision of higher flexibility for negotiation between the manufacturer and the retailer

The purpose of this study is to understand the business ecosystem through the “identity” construct. “Identity” is a well-researched subject in sociology and psychology but as a construct, its application is limited in management and organization studies, especially in the ecosystem context. This study used “identity” to examine the management and organization of stone carving microenterprise clusters in India.

This study examined the causalities of non-performance of self-help groups (SHGs) in the context of polarised institutional expectations in the microfinance ecosystem in India. Institutional approach and stakeholder approach were followed for the investigation. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and semi- structured interviews (SIs) were conducted to collect data from various institutional stakeholders. It was found that the institutional expectations of each institution from other institutions in the microfinance ecosystem were polarized, misaligned and were antagonistic in nature. Institutional behaviours were governed by their expectations from the microfinance ecosystem. Therefore, the polarized and antagonistic expectations created non-cooperative behaviours and attitudes in the key institutions, which further created a weak performance of the microfinance programs

The purpose of this paper is to understand consumers’ intention to adopt internet banking. The study adopted the technology acceptance model with additional constructs (i.e. consumer innate innovativeness (II), domain-specific innovativeness (DSI) and perceived security risk (PR)). Design/methodology/approach – The data were collected through a questionnaire-based survey (487 usable responses) from Indian consumers. A two-step SEM approach (i.e. measurement model and structural model) was used to analyze the data

Despite the growing popularity of green hotels, there remains a dearth of research examining travelers’ intentions to choose green hotels. The study addresses this research gap by developing and testing an integrated model of green hotel behavior in an emerging market of India. We use a sequential approach of SEM and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis on 347 responses collected from Indian travelers to gain a more in-depth understanding of the role of biospheric value, green trust, willingness to pay premium, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control in determining green hotel intentions. The findings show that presence of green trust is a significant and necessary condition for green hotel choice. Additionally, absence of willingness to pay premium, biospheric value, attitude, and subjective norm were found to deter travelers from choosing green hotels. These findings offer unique insights for managers in developing marketing strategies to enhance travelers’ green hotel adoption.

Spare parts supply chains are highly dependent on the dynamics of their installed bases. A decreasing number of capital products in use increases the nonstationary supply-side risk especially towards the end-of-life of capital products. This supply-side risk appears to present itself through varying lead times coupled with supply disruptions. To model the nonstationary supply-side risk, we consider an exogenous Markov chain that modulates random lead times and disruption probabilities. Assuming that order crossovers do not occur, we prove the optimality of a state-dependent base stock policy. Later, we conduct an impact study to understand the value of considering stochastic lead times and supply disruption risk in spare parts inventory control. Our results indicate that the coupled effect of random lead times and disruptions can be larger than the summation of individual effects even for moderate lead time variances. Also, the effect of nonstationarity on total cost can be as large as the summation of all risk factors combined. In addition to this managerial insight we present a procedure for supply risk mitigation based on an empirical model and our mathematical model. Experiments on a real business case indicate that the procedure is capable of reducing costs while making the inventory system more prepared for disruptions

Spare parts supply chains are highly dependent on the dynamics of their installed bases. A decreasing number of capital products in use increases the nonstationary supply-side risk especially towards the end-of-life of capital products. This supply-side risk appears to present itself through varying lead times coupled with supply disruptions. To model the nonstationary supply-side risk, we consider an exogenous Markov chain that modulates random lead times and disruption probabilities. Assuming that order crossovers do not occur, we prove the optimality of a state-dependent base stock policy. Later, we conduct an impact study to understand the value of considering stochastic lead times and supply disruption risk in spare parts inventory control. Our results indicate that the coupled effect of random lead times and disruptions can be larger than the summation of individual effects even for moderate lead time variances. Also, the effect of nonstationarity on total cost can be as large as the summation of all risk factors combined. In addition to this managerial insight we present a procedure for supply risk mitigation based on an empirical model and our mathematical model. Experiments on a real business case indicate that the procedure is capable of reducing costs while making the inventory system more prepared for disruptions

The present study attempts to investigate the consumer decision making styles (CDMS) in the organic food category. Sproles and Kendall’s Consumer Styles Inventory (CSI) instrument (1986) was modified and applied in the organic food-product context. Further, two additional constructs identified from the literature were included, namely; environmental consciousness and health consciousness. Responses were collected from 527 young consumers using convenience sampling approach and analyzed with the help of Exploratory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modelling. Out of eight CDMS, five styles, namely perfectionism (high quality consciousness); brand consciousness; recreational (hedonistic shopping consciousness); price consciousness and brand loyalty reported significant influences on consumers’ organic food purchase intention. Further, both the additional constructs (environmental consciousness and health consciousness) were also found significant. The finding of the study will help the organic food marketers in identifying the factors important for organic food purchases.

Integration of financial markets enables the convergence of risk adjusted returns on similar maturity across different markets and helps investors gauge the risk befalling their portfolios. Studies on Indian stock market integration with rest of Asia provide inconclusive results over different periods of time. This study analyzes the degree of stock market integration of India and selected Asian countries during the post crisis period of 2013-16 using Vector autoregressive model and Error correction Mechanism. Results report that there is no cointegration relation between India and the selected Asian economies in either the long run or the short run. Though there is an uptick in India‟s trade and financial integration with other Asian economies, policy reforms undertaken at a relatively low pace and magnitude is hindering India playing a major role

Extremeness aversion is the tendency of choice makers to avoid extreme options and choose an intermediate option. This leads to an increase in the relative choice share of an extreme alternative (target) by the introduction of a new extreme alternative that makes the target an intermediate action. This paper examines the range effect, which is the impact of the increase in the perceived distance between the target alternative and the new extreme alternative, on extremeness aversion. TO examine the research question, an experimental study is conducted in a class- room setting using four product categories. The results show that extremeness aversion is the highest when the distance between the new extreme alternative and the target alternative is such that the target alternative is placed exactly at the center in the trinary choice set. This paper validates the existing models of extremeness aversion. The findings of this paper support the reference-dependent model, which is based on the principle of loss aversion. The findings of this paper have not noteworthy practical implications for the designs

In A World of Strangers Gordimer unveils the inherent discrimination in South African society through the portrayal of excruciating living conditions of blacks which gets intensified by the depiction of comparatively luxurious lives of the whites. The novel bears stark similarities with South African socio-political realities of the time when compared historically. Besides, the novel also offers a critique on the inefficacy of the white liberal attitude in bringing about any change in the society.

Qualified Institutional Placement (QIP) and preferential allotment are two ways in which firms privately place equity in India. The paper looks at the private placements made between 2010 to2017 and finds that information asymmetry plays a role in one method of placement being chosen over the other. The variables of Size of the firm, institutional and promoter shareholding are a key determinant of one method being chosen over the other. Issue size in QIP is likely to be higher than that of preferential allotment. Further levered firms are more likely to choose preferential allotment over QIP.

We study the impact of price bands in the Indian capital markets and following the methodology of Kim and Rhee (1997) we do not find evidence in support of the volatility spillover hypothesis. Our evidence that price limits does not hinder the price discovery process and may play an important role in reducing the volatility of stock prices in the emerging markets like India

In this paper, we present evidence in favour of the overconfidence bias and its persistence in pre-, during and post-global recession sub-samples in China and India. The Chinese and Indian investors follow past market returns for the longer duration and trade excessively, which is posited as overconfidence bias. The global recession is facilitated as a structural break to examine the endurance of the overconfident trading activities. The Chinese investors are found to be more overconfident than the Indian investors in each sub-sample. We also explore that the Chinese and Indian investors are more overconfident in up than in down market states and overconfident trading behavior of the Chinese investors is more than that of the Indian investors in both market states. The endogenous structure of vector auto regression also considers liquidity as one of the drivers of overconfident trading behavior.Besides trading volume, market liquidity also follows market returns for a short duration, but not vice versa. The lead–lag relationship of volume–volatility and liquidity–volatility is also explored by considering volatility as the exogenous variable.

In this paper, we present evidence in favour of the overconfidence bias and its persistence in pre-, during and post-global recession sub-samples in China and India. The Chinese and Indian investors follow past market returns for the longer duration and trade excessively, which is posited as overconfidence bias. The global recession is facilitated as a structural break to examine the endurance of the overconfident trading activities. The Chinese investors are found to be more overconfident than the Indian investors in each sub-sample. We also explore that the Chinese and Indian investors are more overconfident in up than in down market states and overconfident trading behavior of the Chinese investors is more than that of the Indian investors in both market states. The endogenous structure of vector auto regression also considers liquidity as one of the drivers of overconfident trading behavior. Besides trading volume, market liquidity also follows market returns for a short duration, but not vice versa. The lead–lag relationship of volume–volatility and liquidity–volatility is also explored by considering volatility as the exogenous variable.

This paper explores whether there is a link between Union Commitment and Organizational commitment and also understand the attitude of workers, managers and trade union leaders towards the HR practices and the union management relationship. Unions are believed to serve the equity interests of their members better than employees could achieve by acting alone. This paper has tried to understand if trade unions raise the utility of their members. This paper has followed the following trajectory: Firstly it introduces the subject; secondly, it talks about emotional attachment of organizational members to the organization, thirdly it discusses the different kinds of organizational commitment, fourth, it discusses the Union –management relationship, fifth, it talks about whether Union membership gives job satisfaction, finally the conclusion and the way forward.

The present research attempts to study the energy saving behaviour among individuals in two different contexts: at home and at the workplace. The study proposed and tested a model in which, value orientation, environmental concern, perceived consumer effectiveness (PCE) and personal norm to have an influence on the energy saving behaviour. A total of 359 usable responses was collected via an online survey in India. The data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The findings reported that the altruistic value positively influences the environmental concern, PCE and personal norm which further influences the energy saving behaviour at home (SBH). However, PCE was not found to have any significant impact on individuals energy saving behaviour in the workplace. Further, a significant difference between individual energy saving behaviour at two different contexts was also reported. Based on the findings of the study, implications for energy savings are also discussed.

This article examined the relative performance of aggregated and disaggregated earnings for valuation of equity and prediction of earnings in India. We measured three levels of earnings disaggregation: aggregate earnings, total accruals and cash flows, and four major constituents of accruals, then we estimated pooled as well as individual industry-wise regressions. We adopted Barth, Beaver, Hand and Landsman’s (1999, Review of Accounting Studies, 4(3, 4), 205–229; 2005, Journal of Accounting, Auditing Finance, 20(4), 311–345) linear information structure grounded on generalized version of Ohlson (1999) model. We compared our results with the studies based on developed market. Our findings say that aggregated earnings and its disaggregated components are value relevant, and the adjusted R-squares of every next disaggregated systems are higher than aggregated systems, but in varying range across industries. We also find that the investors are not capable of judging total accruals and cash flows separately for investment decisions in this emerging market

This paper presents the review of the literature focussed on Ohlson, J.A., 1995. (Earnings, book values and dividends in security valuation. Contemporary Accounting Research 11, 661—687). Firstly an overview then theoretical and empirical research directly related to this work are presented, based on articles cited this work. Further, some bibliometric factss about the study are added. The bibliometric analysis is based on twelve reputed journals of accounting: Journal of Accounting Research, Journal of Accounting and Economics, The Accounting Review, Contemporary Accounting Research, Review of Accounting Studies, Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, Accounting Horizons, The European Accounting Review, Journal of Accounting Auditing and Finance, Accounting and Business Research, A Journal of Accounting, Finance and Business Studies and The International Journal of Accounting. Our findings of bibliometric facts come up with most influenced author, university and country by Ohlson (1995) and followed by keyword analysis

Human Behaviour is a very complex phenomenon. Focus is shifting towards study of human factor since human resource can be a decisive factor for an organization to sustain in cut throat competition. But human behaviour is very difficult to predict because it is very subjective in nature and comparatively hard to quantify for comparisons. This is when the role of HR Analytics comes to the picture. HR Analytics is the art of gathering Big Data and quantifying the qualitative as well as quantitative parameters which may help the organisations in predicting future trends and forming proper strategies. HR Analytics contain enormous amount of raw data. The raw data is both qualitative as well as quantitative. This raw data is analyzed using Data Mining and meaningful information is extracted out of it. This information is processed using advanced statistical techniques like regression analysis, Time Series Analysis, Cluster Analysis and many more.

This paper is on Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) in Solid waste management. After the bubonic plague in 1994, India tried to improve on its Solid Waste Management. The magnitude of funds required for in this area cannot be financed by the public sector alone. The private sector, therefore, has to play a major role in this sector. This paper followed the following trajectory in the understanding PPP in Solid Waste Management. First, it gives an overview of SWM in India, Second it talks about how the concept changed over time. Third, it gives the rationale for PPP in SWM. Fourth, it also issues and the different kinds of projects under SWM. Finally, it discusses the key considerations and conclusion

Globally retail industry has significant impact on economy and in the lives of the people. With fast deteriorating environmental conditions and widespread awareness of the consumers about it, retail industry is taking necessary steps to prove its concern for the environment. This article explores the sustainable practices adopted by the retail industry to protect the environment. Since the retail industry is growing at a faster pace in India, it is necessary to understand where the retail industry in growing economies such as India stands in comparison to global retailers in adopting sustainable practices. For the purpose of this study, secondary data was obtained from sustainability reports, annual reports, and policy documents published by the retailers available in the public domain besides their own websites. Indian retailers were compared with global retailers based on the key sustainable practice indicators. The results of the study show that sustainable practices in retail industry in India are still in ascent stage. The results also indicate that Indian retailers have to go a long way in sustainability reporting and leveraging it as a marketing tool.

The aim of this research paper is to evaluate how service quality attributes are important to predict the customer attitudinal loyalty using PLS-SEM (Partial Least square structural equation model). Data were collected from 631 long distance bus travellers using a crosssectional survey. The research outcome of importance-performance map analysis (IPMA) revealed that the service quality attributes significantly important to increase the performance of customer attitudinal loyalty. Practitioners can be benefited using the present study findings and they may use the method adopted in the present study to evaluate the service performance of the bus transport

Changes in technology have affected businesses across the globe enormously and the workforce has had to adapt to these changes quickly. When utilized well, technology makes HR practices more efficient. However, when misused, it can have serious implications for managing the company’s HR. The present paper focuses on how advancement in technology has brought about the changes in the way HR departments operate in the organizations. It discusses both positive and negative impacts that advancement of technology has brought with it on the table.

The article reveals that the current state of whistle blower protection and the nature of shareholder activism in India. The law against whistle blower lacks uniformity and leaves the private sector employee exposed. It discusses the need to standardize the protections granted to both public and private sector whistle blowers through comprehensive legislation. It further suggests that in addition to legislation, organizational policy on whistle blowing is needed. The article also argues about the role of shareholder activism in organizational governance. This article suggests activists may recoup expenses through informed trading of target firms' stock when stocks are liquid. We show that stock liquidity increases the probability of activism but does less so for potentially overvalued firms. We also document that activists accumulate more stocks in targets when stock is more liquid

Rapid economic growth and resulting overconsumption have accelerated environmental deterioration worldwide, prompting escalated consumption-related environmental concerns. This study attempts to explore the antecedents of ecologically conscious consumer behavior (ECCB) among young urban consumers in India – an emerging market experiencing rapid economic growth with increased urbanization and changes in consumption patterns that are contributing to environmental hazard. The empirical study including a literature review uses Theory of Planned Behavior integrating environmental attitudes, subjective norms, perceived consumer effectiveness, and behavioral intention in the model to investigate their influence on ECCB. The results suggest that attitudes and perceived consumer effectiveness both have a significant direct and indirect positive influence on ECCB. In addition, it would appear that the subjective norm, a measure of social demand, does not have any significant influence on behavioral intention leading to ECCB – contrary to established findings in a collective society considered in this study. This paper concludes with policy implications of the findings for marketers and policymakers, as well as potential directions for further research.

Many organizational change and development interventions have centered around the concept of employee empowerment. Employee empowerment is usually understood as ‘getting workers to do what needs to be done rather than doing what they’re told’. Organizations during the last few decades have been propagating employee empowerment for organizational effectiveness through practices like Participative management, Quality of work life, Profit sharing, the Quality circle movements etc. Employee Empowerment is presently recognized as one means by which managers can effectively manage organizations, which are characterized by a greater variety of influence channels, a growing reliance on horizontal structures and peer networks, a blurred distinction between managers and workers and a diminished attachment of employees to organizations. It has been established through researches and studies that empowerment influences both satisfaction and performance of employees. Employee Involvement and Empowerment has been used as a strategic business tool to enable fast decision making for greater business results through decentralization of powers, building a salutary and unified work culture and environment for peak employee and organizational performance. In a nut shell, these are the factors which either individually or in combination are responsible for sustainable competitive advantage.

The main objective of the current study is to empirically examine the nature of cointegration of Indian markets with those of other developed markets. For the purpose of empirical estimation seven different economies have been selected. These include India, Franc Germany, Indonesia, Italy, Turkey and the UK. The index considered for all the countries is their respective Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) index. MSCI has been considered in order to maintain the homogeneity across all the entire dataset. The time frame deployed is from January 5, 2009 to August 22, 2016. The results show the absence of cointegration of the Indian markets with the other markets considered. The only exception is Germany for which cointegration equation is found to be significant

Purpose: To outline the significance of introduction of payment banks in India and to understand its impact on the stock performance of commercial banks in India. Design/methodology/approach: The stock performance of commercial banks is captured through abnormal returns using market model. Event study technique is employed to understand the performance of stocks around the announcement period. For the present study, we considered daily returns of 39 listed banks in NSE for the period of June 2014 till August 2015. Findings: The paper provides empirical insights about the impact of introduction of payments banks on the stock performance of Indian commercial banks. It was found that abnormal returns of Indian banking stocks were significantly negative on the date of announcement and negative abnormal returns continued for the next day. This indicates that markets perceived announcement of payment banks as a threat to the growth in the revenues of existing Indian banks. Research limitations/implications: Present study can be extended to understand the influence of payment banks on the revenues, customer base and market share of existing commercial banks. Practical implications: The paper includes implications for the banks, investors and regulators to understand the degree of influence of the payments banks on the stock performance of Indian Banks Originality/value: This paper fulfills an identified need to study how introduction of payment banks affect the stock performance of Indian commercial banks

The concept of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) is comparatively new in the area of behavioral research. However, very quickly it could manage to grab full attention of researchers and now is one of the most studied aspect of organizational behavior. The concept basically talks about the extra-role behaviour of employees which are helpful to maintain the overall effectiveness of the organization. This is much more critical to the organization because these behaviors can not be managed or manipulated through any actions or sanctions of the organizational processes. A lot of research works have been carried out on OCB since its inception in 1983. These research works deal with identifying measures, designing a construct, evaluating the antecedents and consequences of OCB etc. However, a lot many of those researches directly or indirectly are getting connected to the area of Job Satisfaction of employees. The present paper tries to give a theoretical perspective of the relationship between Job Satisfaction and OCB

The paper conceptualized a Direct Marketing Media Mix Optimization Model by using Linear Programming mathematical technique. Direct Marketing as part of communication mix is seen as an effective one-to-one communication and with the advent of digital as an interactive media. But Direct Marketing usage suffers from its poor responses. As a practice, direct marketing media is chosen as per ease of operation, lower cost and not on any quantitative measurements. The optimization model is first of its type since it uses media effectiveness, media efficiency and media impact quality as the basis for building the optimization model. The concept presented takes into account complete cost of direct marketing that includes media operations cost, production cost and design cost. The other model limits cost of Direct Marketing to media operations cost only and usually account for production cost and design cost as a common marketing support cost, which may consume a large portion of resources and cost. The model also present a case that if Direct Marketing Media Mix is chosen on basis mathematical calculation, the outcome can be enhanced

The objective of the paper was to extend the tangible goods distribution model to services and develop a decision making tool that services distribution company such as hospital chain could use to derive a more efficient and effective distribution of scarce and expensive resources of specialists to its hospitals. The paper attempts to optimize the creation of specialty services infrastructure at a hospital location and planning for specialists resources. The paper developed the problem definition, the formulation of Linear Programming Model, the procedure is designed as a solution to the problem, and the outcome as benefits to the company is presented. Linear programming model is formulated that can be solved using commercial software. This paper demonstrates the potential for using linear programming in managing large-scale distribution problems for services. The model resulted in the creation of new metrics for measuring the performance for services distribution, the model will help the company understand conditions that results in hospital specialty services shortages, and the model lead to the discovery of inefficiencies in company specialty services distribution strategy. The model is directly beneficial to any company in hospital services distribution particularly specialty or super-specialty services. With a large proportion of specialty services sales is accounted by referral of physicians direct to customers, the distribution of specialty procedure services not only defines the cost but also customer satisfaction by managing services delivery quality & time and return-of-patients for post procedure check- ups. The model is also applicable for cases in any other services industries which operates in multiple markets and have large variety of Services Units

Abstract In this paper, an attempt is made to examine the relationship between inflation and stock returns in India using spectral and time-frequency methods. Scale specific relation between inflation and stock returns is unraveled, allowing us to capture the relationship at varying investment horizons. The results based on monthly data from 1994:5 to 2014:11, obtained using spectral and wavelet techniques, reveal that there exist no significant pro-cyclical interdependencies between inflation and stock returns, implying that stock returns is no longer an adequate hedge against inflation

The estimation and the analysis of long memory parameters have mainly focused on the analysis of long-range dependence in stock return Volatility using traditional time and spectral domain estimators of long memory. The definitive ubiquity and existence of long memory in the Volatility of stock returns is an established stylized fact. The presence of long memory requires major revisions in the standard estimation procedures without which the estimated results can be seriously biased. Therefore, a wavelet based semi-parametric estimator of long range dependence is applied to test for the presence of long memory in the Indian stock returns and returns Volatility. We find the presence of long memory in the Volatility of the stock returns as well as the returns themselves, when the analysis is performed using rolling windows. The presence of long-memory implies that distant observations in each of the Volatility series are related to each other. This implication leads to the rejection of efficient markets as long range dependence in returns Volatility seems to be incompatible with market efficiency.

The objective of this study is to examine the mediating role of psychological capital (PsyCap) between work engagement and the six dimensions of quality of work life (QoWL). Data were collected from the employees working in the accident and emergency department of tertiary hospitals in India involved in rendering emergency healthcare services. Structural analysis showed that PsyCap fully mediates the relationship between work engagement and control at work and partially between work engagement and the other five dimensions of QoWL. These results augment broaden and build theory by explaining the role of PsyCap in channelizing the positive effect of work engagement to improve employees’ QoWL. Hospitals with the accident and emergency department are encouraged to recruit psychologically capable employees. Such employees can transfer the benefits of their personal resources and engagement to the quality of life at work and be less prone to burnout

During the period January 2000 to December 2007, seventy nine companies raised capital through the ADR/GDR issues 99 times. This paper looks at the impact of ADR/GDR listing on shareholders wealth. Using an event study methodology and for the sample consisting of 13 ADR and 86 GDR listings the present study finds that ADR/GDR listing negatively effects shareholders wealth. The present study indicates that the potential drawbacks outweigh the benefits in international listing in Indian markets in the short run

Designing an aggregate plan is essential for firms to improve the efficiency of their inventory management as well as maintaining supplier relationships over a long run. Aggregate plan is primarily a function of demand uncertainty and the inventory policy in place. Firms tend to follow either a periodic review model (system) or a perpetual model (system) for managing inventory time to time; the former being more prevalent due to lower inventory monitoring costs associated. The article proposes a mathematical model that incorporates the principles of inventory model in deciding on the key components of an aggregate plan for each period in a multi-period stochastic demand environment for both stationary and non-stationary demand scenarios. The article also provides numerical illustrations to demonstrate the application of the model.

The purpose of the present work is to analyse the dynamic relationship between capital expenditure (CAPEX) intensity and firm performance for the automobiles industry in India. A dynamic panel Consumer behaviorethodology has been deployed. A sample of 95 listed automobiles firms in India for the period 2005 to 2014 has been considered. The results show that there exists a negative and persistent relation between performance and CAPEX. Also, a moderate level of persistence in the firm performance is observed for the sample companies. The results also indicate a possible U-shape relationship between CAPEX and firm performance. The study highlights the need for proper identification of the appropriate capital expenditure levels. This may lead to positive benefits for the Indian automobiles firms in the long-run.

Firms have increasingly been using postponement as one of the supply chain strategies to respond to rapid changes in customers’ demands. The purpose of this study is to identify the optimum level of postponement in the context of two-stage modular manufacturing setting, given the information about trade-off between level of postponement and associated cost is known.

Although public speaking anxiety (PSA) is the most commonly experienced type of anxiety, the effect of mindfulness-based interventions on PSA is not firmly established. To shed light on this relationship, the present study proposes a model examining the mediating effect of self-esteem in explaining this link. The data for the present study were collected from 227 executives pursuing a 2-year management education program. Public speaking being an essential part of this program, the participants voluntarily completed the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Personal Report of Public Speaking Anxiety. Based on a quantitative approach, the study demonstrates that the effect of mindfulness-based interventions on public speaking anxiety could be better understood by taking into account the mediating variable—self-esteem. The study concludes by discussing conceptual contributions, limitations and future research avenues

This research paper examines the issue of effective and efficient reach of rural markets because of the geographical spread and the low density population in the interior villages of the rural markets. Rural population is scattered over a large land area and it is almost impossible to ensure the availability of products and brands all over the country. Reaching rural consumers is the most difficult as it requires maximum time and resource to service these markets, spread across 600,000 villages and a 3.3 million sq.km area, economically. The traditional multi-level channel provides reach and breaks bulk but these too are not effective and efficient in reaching the interior rural markets. Innovations to overcome the barriers of reach and volume include the use of Haats and Melas to facilitate rural reach and accessibility. This research paper understands the important role played by Haats and Melas in rural way of life and examines their critical distribution role in facilitating rural reach and accessibility.

India’s vast rural market offers a huge potential for Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) marketers facing stiff competition in the urban markets. The opportunities in the rural market are unprecedented and humongous. As per a study, two-thirds of the middle-income households are in rural India and if the rural income goes up 1 percent, purchasing power of rural India will go up by Rs.10,000 crore. There are nearly 42,000 rural supermarkets (haats) in India which exceeds the total number of retail stores in U.S (35,000). Kisan Credit Cards (KCC) in rural India far exceeds credit and debit cards in urban India. Though the rural market potential for FMCG goods is huge, reaching out to 600,000+ villages remains the biggest challenge. Issues concerning rural distribution include fragmented markets, poor road connectivity, dispersed population and trade, high credit-driven market and low investment capacity of retailers. The challenge lies with FMCG companies in innovating with their reach and delivering their market offerings to the rural masses at their place. The paper analyzes, studies, and suggests innovative distribution channels that corporate India is and will be using to tap rural hinterland. The focus is on studying innovation by corporate in other sectors and their effectiveness in FMCG Sector. An attempt has been made to analyze the role of small time entrepreneurs in enhancing distribution capabilities of FMCG majors

There is a widely held view that the marketing of places requires “a special type of marketing” and that the branding of places as destinations requires more complex managerial activities than product brands. The marketing of places has been receiving increased interest and has become more sophisticated over the last three decades. However there is a lack of a conceptual model integrating the various strand of literature. Our paper attempts to propose a conceptual model linking destination marketing efforts and its allied components

With the emergence of service economy the focus of companies is slowly changing from being good quality service provider to excellent experience providers. In fact in India primary healthcare is one of the most dominant forms of healthcare accessed by around 50-60% of population. But so far no study has tried to look at the behavioral outcome of patient experience. We propose a moderated mediation conceptual model wherein patient experience mediates to behavioral outcomes such as word of mouth, gratitude patient adherence moderated by benevolence.

This paper examines the relationship between Indian equity prices other developed markets, in the time-scale domain, using wavelets based multiscale analysis and cross wavelet analysis. Stock markets are analyzed at different levels of resolution which makes it possible to perform a scale by scale analysis enabling us to detect the correlation and cross-correlation structures at time periods with high frequency oscillations and also the relatively low frequency structures. There seems to be a weak integration between BSE and other developed markets at almost all levels of time-scale resolution and a strong relationship between French and German Markets. Analyzing the stock returns at different multiscale resolution makes it easier for agents dealing with different trading horizons

The objective of this paper is to understand the reasons that motivate people to buy ayurvedic products. The paper also tries to understand if the reasons for purchasing green products and ayurvedic products are same, since there are similarities between these two categories of products.

This study was conducted to examine the influence of intermediation services on microfinance‐supported microenterprises. Information was collected by using a structured pretested questionnaire from a random section of 366 respondents (from 366 enterprises) from 2 Indian states. Econometric models were used to test the hypotheses, and reliability and validity testing and data analysis were also performed. It was noticed that proactiveness and risk‐taking ability of microenterprises were enhanced when intermediaries emphasize more on the business development services, financial intermediation services, and social intermediation services. Intermediation services of intermediaries impacted on entrepreneurial orientation of microenterprises where networking of micro entrepreneurs positively moderated the relationship

In the present paper a restaurant recommendation system has been developed that a recommends a list of restaurants to the user based on his preference criteria. There are two kinds of data files that have been used: restaurant master and customer master. Restaurant master consists of restaurant specific data and customer master consists of customer specific data. We have used decision tree algorithm to classify the customers into high, medium and low budget buckets based on customer demographics and purchase behaviour variables. Similarly, restaurants are also classified based on price category. The rules given by the decision tree algorithm are fed into a dashboard designed using MS Excel. The user can use this dashboard to get a list of restaurants based on his individual preference. The restaurant list is sorted based on users location details with the closest restaurant coming at the top of the list

The prime objective of the current study is to compare the dynamic behaviour of capital structure across firms operating in the textile industry in India and China. The study has been conducted by analysing 92 publicly listed textiles firms in India and 33 publicly listed textiles firms in China. The time period from 2005 to 2016 for Indian firms and from 2004 to 2015 for the Chinese firms has been considered. The Arellano and Bond (1991) and Blundell and Bond (1998) based dynamic panel estimation techniques have been deployed to generate the results. The empirical results confirm the applicability of the dynamic trade-off theory for the textile industry in India and China. Further, the results show that the speed of adjustment towards the targeted debt level is very low for the Indian textile companies as compared to that of the Chinese textile companies. The results strongly convey that Indian firms bear significant costs while moving from their observed leverage to their target leverage. The overall results support partial applicability of dynamic trade-off theory for the Indian firms and strong applicability of the theory for the Chinese firms

A large number of microfinance impact assessment studies were conducted in different parts of the world in last two decades, but most of the impact assessment methods were put to questions. There were methodological concerns associated with both external validation and internal validation. Many microfinance impact assessment studies have suffered from issues related to counterfactual selection, project/ programme placement bias and self-selection bias. To address those problems, this paper studied some of the important impact assessment frameworks. This study involved extensive literature scanning. Important impact assessment models were analysed and discussed focusing on unit of analysis, selection of impact variables, selection of comparison group and control of self-selection bias and project placement bias. The study concluded that a methodical analysis of counterfactual would help in avoiding self-selection bias and project placement bias

This paper highlights the under-representation of women in leadership positions across the world and reveals that the rest of the world has an opportunity to leapfrog in getting their women the rightful place they deserve without wasting further time.

The identification of optimal level of capital structure has been a topic of research for many years now. Yet, none of the theories on capital structure has been able to provide a convincing answer to this optimum debt problem. The current study aims at advancing the research on non-linear relationship between capital structure and firm performance for manufacturing sector in India. This has been accomplished by analyzing the non-linear associations among firm size, capital structure and profitability. The study deploys panel threshold regression methodology as proposed by Hansen (1999) to find out the different regimes in which capital structure differentially impacts profitability of firms based on their respective sizes. The study is based on a sample of 1194 publicly traded manufacturing firms in India. The time frame considered is from 2005 to 2014. The results confirm the significance of a single threshold for size, thereby indicating the presence of two separate regimes in which capital structure differentially impacts profitability. This threshold or cut-off size level is estimated to be around 148 million rupees. It is found that firms which exceed the threshold size are positively impacted by the use of debt in their capital structure and vice versa. The findings have useful implications for small size firms as they can reduce their overall costs of doing business by reducing the debt in their total capital. The empirical evidence supports both trade-off and asymmetric information theories of capital structure

The present study has attempted to identify Indian farmers’ level of satisfaction and loyalty pertaining to the purchase and use of different fertilizer brands. Fertilizer brands have to operate under certain prevailing constraints, such as uncertainty in weather conditions, the nature of the product and its usages. Added to this, there has been a reduction in the subsidy offered by the government of India, resulting in the escalation of complex fertilizer prices from INR 500 per bag to more than INR 1200 per bag. In order to gain competitive advantage through larger market share and increased profitability under the aforementioned constraints, retention of existing customers and strengthening brand loyalty have become significant preferences for fertilizer-selling firms. The study has employed data envelopment analysis as a tool to measure farmers’ satisfaction and brand loyalty efficiency toward existing fertilizer brands. The European Customer Satisfaction Index model has been used as a reference for the paper. The data analysis reveals that Paradeep Phosphates Limited featured as the most preferred brand. The study has several implications. Managers can use these findings for their self-assessment of the fertilizer brands and then improve upon or manage the farmers’ satisfaction and loyalty patterns

This article is in the context of a call centre whose agents possess a heterogeneous skillset. The significant challenge for such a call centre would be skills based call routing: to match an inbound customer call to a call centre agent possessing the relevant skillset. This article will present an alternative to the usual Interactive Voice Recording (IVR) menu based approach to skill based call routing. This article will also make use of a multi-label classification techniques to predict the purpose of the customer call in advance and route it to the appropriate call centre agent without the customer's intervention. This hassle-free call routing technique produces efficient interactions and helps enhance customer experience, resulting in higher customer satisfaction and better cross-sell opportunities.

Patanjali Ayurved Limited (PAL) is a company in India that deals in Ayurveda and herbal products in food, personal care and home care categories. The company started with an aim to link the rising destiny of millions of rural masses on the one hand and many more suffering and leading an unhealthy lifestyle on the other. The company within a very short span of time had succeeded in getting its foothold in the competitive Indian fast-moving consumer goods(FMCG) market and has reached a gross revenue of ₹25,000 million (about US$380 million) in the fiscal year 2015. The case discusses the marketing mix strategy adopted by PAL and how it helped the firm get a competitive advantage over other players in the industry. Further, the case also discusses the challenges and road ahead for the PAL

This study is a literature review of a cultural perspective in the understanding of wisdom and leadership. Specifically, it seeks a comparison between the understanding of wisdom and leadership literatures taking into account both the eastern and western concepts of wisdom. In the initial section, a literature review of wisdom and leadership has been undertaken. A critical analysis of studies linking wisdom and leadership has been put forth. Limitations of the study and directions for future research have been addressed.

India accounts for 16% of the world population, but only about 1.68% of the world insurance market. In terms of insurance penetration and density, the figures are even more disappointing. Though life insurance sector was opened to private players in the year 2000 with the prime objective of taking insurance to the large disadvantage rural masses of India, the results have been disappointing. Insurance Regulatory & Development Authority of India (IRDA) has prescribed certain rural obligations on all life insurance companies. These regulations are however being followed as obligations only. Life insurance firms in India do not focus on rural markets as servicing costs are high. The unavailability of life insurance products for rural population breeds insecurity and inhibits growth and initiative. However Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) has brought in many product and process innovations to address insurance needs of rural masses. This paper is an attempt to study marketing and service delivery innovations of LIC in the last decade (2000 -10) to reach rural hinterland of India

In this study, the researchers focus on the leadership styles of two of the game of Cricket’s most charismatic leaders of the twenty-first century – Steve Waugh of Australia and Sourav Ganguly of India in a bid to relate their styles with classic leadership theories. Both Waugh and Ganguly have been arguably recognized as the most successful cricket captains of their respective countries and have earned accolades from cricket pundits as brilliant leaders of men. In this study, a content analysis of the articles about these two legendary captains published in the highly-acclaimed Wisden almanac, electronic media such as Sportstar, Cricinfo Magazine and standard newspapers of India, Australia and other neutral countries was undertaken. The content analysis of eighty-seven articles spreading over a page length of 127 A-4 size papers revealed Waugh to be a more result-driven autocratic leader who led more by example, while Ganguly showed traits of a transformational leader who led by motivating his teammates. The study is expected to contribute to the existing body of leadership research with some new knowledge of the construct of leadership, which have been discussed at length in this paper

This study examines the random walk behavior of Indian bond market. Bond indices published by Clearing Corporation of Indian (CCIL) were used in this study. The hypothesis is tested with multiple variance ratio tests from daily and weekly data, from 3-Jan.-2011 to 30-Dec.-2016. This paper also applies the bootstrap procedure on all the tests used because it shows desirable small sample properties under conditional heteroscedasticity. Variance test ratios show that Indian bond market does not follow random walk behavior.

Consider a firm facing an infinite horizon inventory problem with two suppliers, a local one with zero lead time and a global one with positive lead time. Assume that both suppliers have variable yields with known mean and standard deviation of yields, but no assumption made about the distribution of yield. Order cycle length is assumed to be a given industry standard supply window of unit length. Depending on the lead time taken t by the global supplier, the unit period is divided into two segments, 0 to t and t to 1. Demand is independent and uniform with different parameters for each of the two segments. The firm also has different holding and shortage costs in each segment and has the same selling price per unit for the entire period. We solve the problem of finding the optimal order quantities for each supplier that maximises the expected discounted profit for the entire horizon. We also solve an extension of this problem, where the length of the period along with order quantities are decision variables by proposing a robust heuristic procedure

CThe aim of this research paper is to reassess the multiple-item scale (E-S-QUAL) for measuring the service quality delivered by the Indian Railways Web site. Conceptually, we studied service quality as a hierarchical, reflective construct, incorporating efficiency, fulfillment, privacy, and system availability. The data was collected from 151 participants using an online questionnaire. To assess the parameters of a hierarchical, reflective model with mediating effects, we used the partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) with bootstrap method. The results showed that service quality is a second-order, reflective construct that has a significant direct and indirect effect on customer loyalty. It also confirms that customer satisfaction plays the key, mediating role between service quality and customer loyalty. Finally, we conclude by discussing theoretical contributions, managerial implications, limitations, and future research directions of the study

Many organizational change and development interventions have centered around the concept of employee empowerment. Employee empowerment is usually understood as ‘getting workers to do what needs to be done rather than doing what they’re told’. Organizations during the last few decades have been propagating employee empowerment for organizational effectiveness through practices like Participative management, Quality of work life, Profit sharing, the Quality circle movements etc. Employee Empowerment is presently recognized as one means by which managers can effectively manage organizations, which are characterized by a greater variety of influence channels, a growing reliance on horizontal structures and peer networks, a blurred distinction between managers and workers and a diminished attachment of employees to organizations. It has been established through researches and studies that empowerment influences both satisfaction and performance of employees. Employee Involvement and Empowerment has been used as a strategic business tool to enable fast decision making for greater business results through decentralization of powers, building a salutary and unified work culture and environment for peak employee and organizational performance. In a nut shell these are the factors which either individually or in combination are responsible for sustainable competitive advantage. The present paper is a combination of review of literature available in the area of empowerment research and the insight of the author as a practicing professional. The author has tried to suggest a step by step designing and implementation approach for employee empowerment in any organizational context.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between personality and conflict handling styles. The study was conducted using a sample of 270 post graduate business students in the Chandigarh region. While NEO-FFI was used to measure the big five dimensions of personality, ROCI II was used to measure the scores of students on the five conflict handling styles. The findings show a strong relationship between the big five personality dimensions and the five conflict handling styles.

The green consumption among individuals can be an effective way to minimize the negative impact of consumption on the environment. The research related to green consumption behavior in developing nations such as India is few and far between. Considering this, researchers in the present study have attempted to understand the consumer behavior to buy green products in context of a developing nation; India. The study has used the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and further extended the TPB including additional constructs namely; perceived value and willingness to pay premium (WPP) and measured its appropriateness in determining consumer green purchase intention and behavior. A total of 620 usable responses were collected with the help of a questionnaire survey using the convenience sampling approach. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to evaluate the strength of relationships among constructs. The findings reported that TPB fully supported the consumers' intention to buy green products which in turn influences their green purchase behavior. Inclusion of additional constructs was supported in the TPB as it has improved the predicted power of the TPB framework in predicting consumer green purchase intention and behavior. At the end, discussion and implications have been discussed.

Using dynamic capabilities theory, this paper aims to posit logistics capabilities (namely information, demand, supply, cooperation and coordination) when integrated at the supply chain level gives rise to supply chain resilience. The current investigation explores further on the inter-relationship among dominant logistics capabilities and integrated logistics capabilities.

Business groups are an important component of the overall economic setup in the emerging markets. There are similarities as well as differences in business groups around the world. In the current study, we have tried to compare performance of affiliate firm‟s vis-à-vis firms that are non-affiliates in the Indian context and have tried to give some managerial insights related to strategy formulation and implementation. We observed that group and standalone firms differ in a host of firm and market specific parameters. More specifically group firms on an average underperform their independent counterparts. The results vary across industries and in some industries group firms over-perform standalone firms. Thus the current work highlights the differential impact of group firms on corporate performance in the Indian context. The current work also highlights the gaps which can be further explored in the said area

The objective of the paper was to develop a decision making tool that mobile handset distribution company could use to derive a more efficient and effective distribution of handsets to its channel. The paper developed the problem definition, the formulation of LP model, the procedure is designed as a solution to the problem, and the outcome as benefits to the company is presented. Linear programming model is formulated that can be solved using commercial software. This paper demonstrates the potential for using linear programming in managing large-scale transportation and distribution problems. The model resulted in the creation of new metrics for measuring the performance, the model will help the company understand conditions that result in inventory shortages, and the model lead to the discovery of inefficiencies in company distribution strategy. The model is directly beneficial to any company in Mobile Handsets distribution. With a large proportion of handsets sales is accounted by online retailers direct to customers, the distribution of handsets not only defines the cost but also customer satisfaction by managing delivery time and return-of-handsets offer. The model is also applicable for cases in other industries which operates in multiple markets and have large variety of Stock Keeping Units (SKUs).

The main objective of the current study is to analyze the perception of Indian consumers about smartphones. A questionnaire was designed and circulated, both offline and online, in order to obtain the responses of the customers. A final sample size of 325 responses was obtained. The data collected has been analyzed by deploying the technique of factor analysis. The results reveal that there are four most important factors that are relevant in shaping the perception of Indian customers towards smartphones. These factors include aesthetic appeal, add-ons, economy and eliteness. Thus, marketers of smartphones in India should focus on these factors. Further, managerial implications and study limitations have also been presented

A well planned and better organized training activities is very vital for the overall effectiveness of training programs. It aims at providing the participants with real-time experience about the constraints and external forces that influence the work efficiency, eventually equipping them with leadership competencies, namely, self- awareness, building others, building and maintaining relationships which is helpful for leadership development. Proper planning and execution of pre and post training activities in corporate companies plays a vital role in grooming the personalities of the employees by helping them use the learned skills for leadership development. A total of 265 responses were collected from 4 organizations relating to manufacturing sector. All the respondents were from the junior to middle level managerial positions. The results of the study reveal that trainees were significantly more likely to have leadership competencies with proper pre and post training activities. The reason can be that the trainees are more likely to apply the learnt knowledge or skill when the situation which demands them for leadership development. The practical and research implications of these findings are discussed for making effective leadership development.

The paper conceptualized a Digital Media Mix Optimization Model by using Linear Programming mathematical technique. The optimization model is first of its type since it uses media effectiveness, media efficiency and media Impact Quality as three dimensions of the optimization model. The concept presented also take into account complete cost of digital media that includes media space cost, production cost and designing cost. The other model limits cost to media space cost and usually account for production cost and design cost as a common marketing agency cost which may consume a large portion of resources and cost.

Research suggests that salespeople’s attribution processes affect their expectancies for success and future behaviour. This research investigates the interpretation and behavioral intentions of insurance sales representatives following their successful and unsuccessful sales calls using a sample of 174 insurance sales representatives

Indian Stock Exchanges use trade for trade segment as part of surveillance activity to restrict the unwanted growth in prices to safeguard the interest of the investors. This paper studies the impact of the announcement to shift securities to trade for trade segment on stock returns and Volatility of the stock returns using event study methodology. It was found that the securities have generated exorbitant positive average abnormal returns during 30 days in the pre event period, which led the exchanges to shift these stocks to trade for trade segment. The event is found to be significantly impacting average abnormal returns during 30 days in the post event period showing the negative price reaction. Also Volatility of the stocks returns is found to be increasing post the announcement.

Business Intelligence (BI) continues to be a fairly new and developing field that presents numerous opportunities for future developments that can change the way companies operate. Data is the new buzz word today as it come to be widely known that actionable insights from data can have a significant impact on businesses and hence has become a part of strategy for many businesses. The applications of BI are so vast that BI can transform any business or organisation. Helical Insight is a business intelligence tool or rather a framework that offers business users a simplified, innovative and customizable approach that helps fulfil their business intelligence needs. It was developed after taking into account the lack of developer friendly and business friendly tools available in the market.In this demonstration, we shall have a look at the need for BI, overview of the current BI industry and discuss about the unique selling proposition (USP) and functionalities of Helical Insight as well as present a brief description of a simple use case using helical insight.

Risk tolerance has a great impact on every individual’s portfolio decision. It is a very important factor to be considered to achieve long term financial goals. The low level of risk tolerance may put back the individuals from investing in stocks or other long term investment avenues which will result in a shortfall of income in the retirement period. Individuals with extremely high risk tolerance may suffer losses of wealth by considering short term investment with high return portfolios. The purpose of the paper is to find out the influence of demographic characteristics and personal financial knowledge on risk tolerance levels among working adults in India. Six demographic variables namely gender, age, education, income, marital status and occupation have been studied in relation to risk tolerance level. Study also analyzes the influence of personal financial knowledge on risk tolerance level. The study is based on primary data collected through structured questionnaire to capture various dimensions of risk and personal financial knowledge. To capture various dimensions of risk tolerance level of individuals study used structured questionnaire of Grable.J and R.H. Lytton (1999). Personal financial knowledge has been measured based on five dimensions i.e. money management, investment planning, insurance planning, retirement planning and tax planning. Regression analysis was employed for 297 responses to assess which of the variables influence the levels of risk tolerance. It is observed in the present study that male are more risk tolerant than female. The result suggests that the risk tolerance of a respondent generally increases as income increases. The results also suggest that higher education indicates an increased risk tolerance. Demographic characteristics such as occupation, age and marital status were found to be significant. Level of financial knowledge has significant positive relationship with risk tolerance indicating that individuals with higher personal finance knowledge will be willing to take informed higher risks. Present study brings out the age, education and personal financial knowledge as the important antecedents to risk tolerance level of Indian individuals which highlights the necessity to involve basic finance course in different levels of education curriculum. Present study will assist financial service providers in asset management industry in manufacturing better financial products. More risky and high yielding products can be designed for more educated male who are employed in service

The objective of this paper is to outline an approach towards a Classification Problem using R. To combine the data on loans issued and loans declined and build model that replicates Lending Club Algorithm closely. Using Lending Club’s published data on loans issued and its various attributes, build model that can accurately predict probability of delinquency.

The present study examines the role of harmonious passion as a novel motivational mechanism affecting creativity and the mediational role of work engagement in a relationship between harmonious passion and creativity in a supportive environment. The process that was expected to unfold was: (a) Harmonious Passion leads to work engagement, which in turn has a positive effect on creativity (boss rated creativity and employee rated harmonious passion and work engagement), and (b) moderation by supervisory support and coworker support. This study advances harmonious passion as an important antecedent, and work engagement as an important mediational process explaining individual creativity in an environment of support. Dyadic data (345 data points) has been collected from various manufacturing and engineering organizations in and around Jamshedpur. Results indicate confirmation of 4 out of the 5 hypothesized relationships. Reasons for non-confirmation of the hypothesized relationship have been discussed in detail

This paper discusses how globalization brings in cultural change among consumers and why this phenomenon can be studied under the aegis of consumer acculturation. The discussion is initiated with the explanation of what globalization is and what factors entailing it bring in specific changes in consumer culture. This is followed by a brief introduction to culture and how its components form the base for consumer acculturation. Subsequently, two comprehensive approaches to measure consumer acculturation – Acculturation to Global Consumer Culture (AGCC ) approach and Acculturation of Consumer Culture (ACC ) approach – are introduced. In comparison, contrast and critique of these approaches are presented. The final section of the paper discusses various propositions which could be incorporated to make the measurement of consumer acculturation more comprehensive and robust than what it is in its current form. It is proposed that both AGCC and ACC approaches should be simultaneously used to measure consumer acculturation. Also, the survey based process which both these approaches follow should be further supplemented with observational and in-depth interview mechanisms of data collection. Hence, an amalgamation of both quantitative and qualitative approaches of data collection is expected to be the ideal manner of comprehensively measuring consumer acculturation.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the inter-relationship among dominant supply chain capabilities of collaboration, flexibility, velocity and visibility and how the same influence supply chain resilience (SCRES) and supply chain performance. Further, the aim is to explore the relationship between integrated logistics capabilities and supply chain capabilities

The present research attempts to understand the importance of altruistic and egoistic value in determining the young consumers’ intention to buy organic food. Environmental concern was considered as the altruistic value, whereas health concern as egoistic value. Using the convenience sampling method, a total of 304 usable responses was collected from young consumers, with the help of self-administered questionnaire survey approach. Data analysis was done using two step structural equation modeling (SEM) approach, i.e. measurement model and structural model. Findings indicated that, both altruistic as well as egoistic value influences the intention to buy organic food among young Indian consumers. However, egoistic value was found to have more impact on the consumers’ organic food purchase intention. The present research is one of the initial attempts in the Indian context to understand the importance of values (altruistic and egoistic) organic food consumption among young consumers

The present research attempts to understand the young consumers' intention toward buying green products in a developing nation; India. The study has used the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as its theoretical framework and further attempted to extend the TPB by incorporating additional constructs (environmental concern & environmental knowledge) in it. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaire survey and analyzed with the help of structural equation modeling (SEM). The finding reported the usefulness of TPB in predicting young consumers' intention towards purchasing green products. The result also supported the applicability of including additional constructs in TPB, as it has improved the predictive utility of the proposed model (from 27.1% to 37.7%). At the end, the implications for policy makers and scope for further research have been discussed

This study aims to understand the coevolution and coexistence of cooperation and competition in the interorganizational collaboration of management consulting firms (MCFs) in India.

Intermediation services, entrepreneurial finance, peer support, personal attributes, family attributes, and locational attributes led to microenterprise development in Indian microfinance programs

The market or the buyers are continuously changing the way they shop. Buying at the organized retail is an enjoyable experience for buyers. The shopping centers are becoming Family Entertainment centers. Some are enticing customers with taglines like “Shop, Eat and Celebrate”. Shopping centers with a number of cineplexes are now emerging which are called as “Hybrid centers”. Organized retailing in India accounts for less than two percent of the total retiling market. However with aggressive investments, organized retailing is set for expansion. The Indian government is also likely to spend USD 150 billion over the next few years to develop world class infrastructure, thereby, aiding growth in the retail sector. A common element of the expansion plans of different players appears to be the hypermarket. All leading Indian retail players are either already present or have plans for Hypermarkets. It will be foolhardy to adopt internationally successful retail formats to India conditions. One such factor could be the rural - urban difference. Hence, ITC is experimenting with a rural hypermarket through its Choupal Sagar format, which combines the grain procurement and storage centre with the mall. A key aspect of the model is to capture the farmer's visit to a mandi to sell his produce and offer a range of products and services to leverage the availability of cash with him/ her post the sale.

Indian market is one of the most important market for most of the multinationals all over the world. The country with its vast diversity has undergone a tremendous change in last decade or so. This research paper has focused on the perceptional change in the taste of Indian consumers and how luxury which was perceived differently a decade ago has redefined itself in the Indian market. This study concluded that the Indian consumers’ definition of luxury has changed. The consumption class has also undergone a tremendous change. This paper will help multinationals to redefine their products for Indian market and gives them a glimpse of taste of Indian consumers. This will also help them set a competitive price for the market which is still a driving force in Indian consumers to buy a product.

Research on private label brands has been increasing over the past few decades. This may be attributed to the growth of retail industry, increasing proliferation of private label brands at stores due to their advantages such as higher margins etc. for retailers. In this article we seek to propose a framework for understanding the decision making model influencing the purchase of private label apparel brands.

Healthcare is one of the most personalized service a consumer experiences. With the rapid growth in the sector, a renewed focus has emerged among healthcare managers to gauge how to manage the quality of care and the associated experience so that they can remain competitive. We wish to approach this sector from a strategic perspective by identifying trends which are worthy of future research. For this purpose, we analyzed 115 articles and identified relevant themes for further research, which would help practitioners as well as researchers in understanding the complexities in this emerging area.

A new trend of self service is catching on, in the world of business intelligence. Self-service business intelligence (SSBI) is an approach to data analytics that enables business and non-technical users to access and work with data even though they do not have a background in statistical analysis, business intelligence (BI) or data mining. BI software vendors and industry experts recognize self-service reporting as a key feature of BI because it eliminates obstacles to timely insight and decision making and lowers the costs of reporting, analysis, and metrics-driven management by putting data directly in the hands of those who need it

This paper investigates a proprietary dataset of insider trades for Indian listed firms, where controlling ownership and business groups dominate. We show that the information content of insider trading is an inverted U- shaped function of controlling ownership. Further, we find that the information content of insider trading is lower when firms are affiliated with a business group. We also show that information production depends on the degree of information asymmetry between insiders and outsiders. Finally, we find that insider trades that occur prior to an earnings announcement have a larger impact on stock prices

This paper investigates a proprietary dataset of insider trades for Indian listed firms, where controlling ownership and business groups dominate. We show that the information content of insider trading is an inverted U- shaped function of controlling ownership. Further, we find that the information content of insider trading is lower when firms are affiliated with a business group. We also show that information production depends on the degree of information asymmetry between insiders and outsiders. Finally, we find that insider trades that occur prior to an earnings announcement have a larger impact on stock prices

The purpose of this paper is to understand the influence of internal resource drivers on internationalization of commercial banks

A sea change has taken place in the banking environment since the initiation of reform process in 1992-93. The period of little more than one and half a decade, witnessed remarkable changes in perceptions, policies and practices of banks. In the light of changes in banking policies various studies were undertaken to assess the performance of banks in India. There are a multitude of measures used to assess bank performance, with each group of stakeholders having its own focus of interest. A popular framework used bv regulators is the CAMEL framework, which uses sorne financial ratios to help evaluate a bank's performance. The sixth factor, narnell' sensitivity to market risk, was added to these former factors in order to make this method more comprehensive. The CANIELS factors are based on the idea that each represents a major element in a bank's financial statements.

Prediction of Exchange rates has been a challenging task for traders and practitioners in modern financial markets. Statistical and econometric models are extensively used in the analysis and prediction of foreign exchange rates. This paper investigates the behavior of daily exchange rates of the Indian Rupee (INR) against the United States Dollar (USD), British Pound (GBP), Euro (EUR) and Japanese Yen (JPY). This paper attempts to examine the performance of ARIMA, Neural Network and Fuzzy neuron models in forecasting the currencies traded in Indian foreign exchange markets. Daily RBI reference exchange rates from January 2010-April 2015 were used for the analysis.

We check for the speed of efficiency for the Indian market pre and post the introduction of compulsory rolling settlement using the variables of lagged returns and order imbalance at the daily as well as intra-day intervals in the post rolling settlement period. As measured by lagged returns we find that the market has turned weak form efficient in the intra-day intervals of 120 minutes and 60minutes. We also find that the persistence in order imbalance is getting neutralized at daily interval such that it does not have any significant effect on returns. This brings out the ability of the Indian market in terms of absorbing imbalances at daily interval. At the 60 minutes and 120 minutes intervals we find that lagged imbalances continue to significantly impact the returns. Since order imbalance is not observable so this result is more a comment on strong form of efficiency of the Indian market.

The purpose of the current paper is to examine the nature of profit persistence and to estimate the dynamic relationship between research and development (R&D) intensity and firm profitability in the Indian pharmaceutical industry.

The purpose of the current study is to compare the performance of firms affiliated to business groups with that of independent (stand-alone) firms in the Indian context. Specifically, the study tries to find out the differences in research and development (R&D) intensity, between the two categories of firms, and its impact on profitability. The analysis has been carried out for firms from three industries in the Indian manufacturing sector. The time period considered is from 2004 to 2013. The findings reveal that group-affiliated firms generally overspend on R&D activities. This spending, however, does not translate into higher profitability. The panel data analysis also shows that there exist a nonlinear relationship between R&D intensity and profitability. Thus, it can be concluded that group firms, which overspend on R&D activities generally do not perform as efficiently as the stand-alone firms. Therefore, firms affiliated to business groups should reconsider their R&D strategy in order to enhance their profitability.

The purpose of this paper is to test prominent calendar anomalies for Indian securities markets those are commonly reported for advanced markets.

With the launch of “Make in India” campaign by the government of India, the manufacturing sector in India had once again became the center of attention. Indian manufacturing sector had played an important role in giving a boost to the national GDP post the reforms by Indian government during the early 1990s. Manufacturing sector roughly contributed 15% to the GDP of Indian during the fiscal year ending 2014*.The manufacturing sector in India was highly diversified and included industries and sub-sectors such as automobiles, textile, electronics, distilleries and breweries, pharma, and machinery manufacturing among others. Indian manufacturing witnessing rapid consolidation and integration post 2010. It is always interesting to analyze on particular industry in the Indian manufacturing sector. This case deals with analyzing the nature of vertical integration in the Indian liquor industry.

Durvasula and Lysonski’s paper presented a shorter version of the Acculturation to Global Consumer Culture Scale (hereafter AGCC), which was developed by Cleveland and Laroche to address scarcity of measurements that determined how individuals acquired and became a part of the emerging global consumer culture. The following critique discusses a few concerns and three major shortcomings of the paper, including skewed sample frame and incorrect choice of countries for assessing cross-national applicability of the scale, not discussing the differences in the means of the seven distinct dimensions of AGCC across the four nations studied by the authors, and absence of any critical review of existing consumer acculturation scales vis-à-vis AGC

This study examines the role of trust and intermediation functions in microfinance and microenterprise development. Fifteen Self-help Groups (SHGs) were selected from three different locations in India for Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and in-depth personal discussions. The peer trust was found higher than the intermediation trust during the microfinance group formation as well as group operations. The level of intermediation trust was higher than the peer trust during microenterprise development. The entry level trust was cognitive in nature, and transformed to ‘affective peer trust’ and ‘affective intermediation trust’ at the operational level. Trust was found to be the causality of social capital in SHGs. Intermediation trust was higher for early adopters of entrepreneurship than that of the late adopters. In case of microentrepreneur, the cognitive intermediation trust was transformed to affective intermediation trust with the passage of time.

This study was conducted to understand the various causalities and consequences of the hybrid structure and governance under public private partnerships (PPPs). Narrations pertaining to the central question of the research were collected from senior officials from PPPs in India, including executives from public agencies and private agencies. The grounded theory approach was used to analyze the narrations. Classical content analysis, selective coding and axial coding methods were used for data analysis.Complementary assets and capabilities among organizations, and inability to carry out project as a stand alone organization were the major casualties of the PPP structure. There were two dimensions of governance complexity, i.e. (i) Uninterpretable rules, policies, systems, and (ii) unexpected actions/decisions in uncertainty, in the PPP structure. The causalities in the complexity of the governance of the hybrid PPP structure were (i) organizational attributes, (ii) stakeholders’ expectations, (iii) power of control, (iv) institutional logic, (v) strategic decision making, and (vi) contract management. The attributes to the complex PPP governance system were, trust, ego, interpretation of complex operational phenomenon, mechanism to address risks and uncertainty and Interdependencies and reciprocity

The purpose of this study is to investigate on what is value and value creation in Public–private partnerships (PPPs)? How coordination and trust among project partners is created in PPPs? In which way coordination and trust among project partners are related to organizational governance and success? How risk management is related to the success or failure of PPP project implementation? How organizational attributes can influence the PPP project implementation?

Observed meteorological data demonstrates that temperature has increased by 0.74 °C in the last hundred years with the bulk of the warming occurring in the last 50 years. This paper examines the impact of climate change on five major crops in the former state of Andhra Pradesh using district level panel data for the period 1981–2010. Analysis of data shows that crop yields are significantly impacted by climate for rice, tobacco and groundnut. Crops grown in rabi are more susceptible to changes in climate than those in kharif, while drought crops like jowar are found to withstand changes in climate better than others

The aim of the present study is to identify the critical success factors for successful technology transfer across the technology transfer project life cycle. The study analyzed the critical factors influencing successful technology transfer from Indian publicly funded R&D institutions to the industry. Through content analysis, 27 influencing variables were identified. The perceptions of 734survey respondents were obtained through questionnaire survey on the relevance and importance of these 27 variables on a Likert scale. The conceptual model was proposed that included five factors which were considered to influence successful technology transfer. The survey data was analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) technique. The model fit indices were found to be significant for both the measurement model and structural model. The results of the SEM analysis showed that among the five factors, technology transferor factors, market factors and financial factors play a major role in successful transfer of technology. Based on these findings, recommendations to technology transferors, technology receivers and government were proposed in order to ensure and facilitate the successful technology transfer

Past researchers have established that sales persons through their cognitive process tend to become a victim of self-serving bias. They attribute success to their ability and effort while failures are often attributed to bad luck or situations. This self-serving bias was investigated on a sample of 110 sales persons selling financial products in the state of Punjab. The study confirmed the tendency of salespersons to present themselves favourably by assigning internal factors to their success and external factors to their failure.

In a sample of 400 employees working in 7 different large as well as moderately-sized manufacturing and engineering companies in and around Jamshedpur, India, I plugged a research gap recognized by creativity experts in the form of identifying a motivational mechanism other than intrinsic motivation that could affect creativity. Building on self- determination theory, I developed and tested a model in which harmonious passion (HP), identified as a novel motivational mechanism affects employee creativity with work engagement playing an important role in translating HP into employee creativity especially in an atmosphere of support from the supervisors. As hypothesized, HP positively related to employee creativity, work engagement partially mediated this relationship in a supportive atmosphere. Same- source common method bias was reduced by employing dyadic data, both from the employees as well as their supervisors.

This paper analyzes the co-movements and integration of some select Asian foreign exchange markets using both time series and time-frequency approaches. The correlation structure between forex markets, and the time domain information on varying correlations, is captured using the multivariate dynamic conditional correlation GARCH method whereas the time-horizon specific information on the dynamics of correlation is captured using methods from wavelet analysis. Results from time domain volatility models reveal significant volatility transmission between most of the countries. On the other hand, the use of time-scale methods from the wavelet domain, which makes it possible to detect the correlation dynamics in varying time horizons, reveals the existence of a strong correlation between all the seven markets with evidence of a nearly perfect integration of markets in the long run time horizon

We analyze the stock price effects of bulk trade in India over the period 2004–2012. Using an event study model we note significant impact of bulk trades on the share prices with cumulative returns being very high around the trades for both BSE and NSE. Buy trade has significant positive cumulative abnormal returns, indicating that buy trades on average increases firm value. Next, we regress cumulative average abnormal returns of different windows on different independent variables. The effect of all the variables considered is found to be higher in the case of buy trades than that of the sell trades

Recovery of non-performing assets is considered as one of the biggest problems for the entire banking industry as the earning capacity and profitability of many banks are adversely affected by the high level of NPAs. In this paper an attempt is made to outline the problem of NPAs in Indian banking system. The objectives of the paper are to observe the trends in the incidence of NPAs in Indian banking system, to understand the problem of NPAs in India in comparison with select economies in the world and to outline the policy measures to curtail incidence of NPAs in India. It is observed that the public sector and to some extent the private banks accounts for the bulk of the NPA problem during recent years due to global financial turmoil. Thus, while the policies that have been implemented to address the NPA problem may have been largely successful, there are further steps that can be taken by the RBI as well as by the banks themselves to tackle the problem of NPAs.

With self-sufficiency levels of crude oil being a distant dream and given India's growing energy demand, biofuels has emerged as an important option for policy makers. This paper reviews the experiences of biofuels' cultivation and its impact on land use, environment, and livelihoods of rural communities in the light of emergence of jowar and bajra as alternative feedstocks. Empirical data collected during 2013 in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh is used to analyze the present economics and future implications for success of these crops as viable alternatives. Findings indicate that use of major staple food crops such as jowar and bajra for biofuel production might not be feasible given the economies of scale, even as they would have a lasting impact on the food and fodder security.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of customer personality and customer relationship proneness (CRP) on customer’s relationship satisfaction (CS) with the firm in emerging economies context. In the study, the authors state that the relationship proneness of the customer (CRP) would be influenced by personality trait of the customer. To examine the argument on personality trait, the authors have adopted Big Five personality trait theory in this study. The authors also argue that CRP would influence CS. Furthermore the authors put forth that customer’s perception of marketer’s relationship orientation (RMO) would mediate the relationship between CRP and CS

Happiness (FGNH) Index is taken as a national sentiment score as the people of a country post comments reflecting their moods status. Initial analysis of national sentiment and NSE index return confirmed that there is no significant impact. Further analyzing the impact of negative sentiment on NSE index return and the impact of positive sentiment on NSE index return revealed that negative sentiments have greater bearing on NSE index return than positive sentiments. The stock returns and national sentiments are characterized by complex systems. In this study, ANFIS method is employed to understand the relationship between sentiments and stock returns. Comparing the performance of VAR and ANFIS, ANFIS better explains the relationship than VAR, and ANFIS also makes it possible to infer linguistic interpretations about the relationship more concretely.

Dividend policy involves extremely important financial decisions which serve as a basis of numerous theories.However, these theories have been developed in different fields, and according to some evidence dividend policy remains a kind of dilemma in the financial cycles of corporations. This paper analyses the price reaction to cash dividend distributions by firms listed on the National Stock Exchange on both the announcement and the ex- dividend day. As per the signaling effect, dividend distributions are indicators of future cash flow of the company. However, this paper established that how companies take advantage of the effect to boost share price in the short run and information asymmetry can lead to undue profit for inside traders.

The purpose of the present paper is to examine the role of sensitivity training (ST) methods at higher education institutions as a service provider for future managers’ qualifications.

The present work analyses the dynamic relationship between research and development (R&D) intensity and performance for the firms operating in the food processing industry in India. The study also analyses the incidence of profit persistence among Indian food processing firms. The current study deploys dynamic panel methodology. A sample of 157 publicly listed firms operating in the food processing industry in Indian for the period 2005 to 2014 has been considered. The results show that there exists a positive and persistent relation between profitability and R&D intensity. Also, a moderate level of persistence in the profitability was found for the sample companies. The results also indicate a possible inverted U-shape relationship between R&D intensity and profitability. The current results bear several implications for the managers of the food processing firms in India. The study highlights that these firms may be overspending in R&D. This may yield negative returns in the long-run. Thus, food processing firms should try and find out the optimal level of R&D investments.

The purpose of the present work is to predict the non performing assets (NPAs) of the Indian Banks. Binary response models including Logit and Probit models have been applied to estimate the relationship between several factors and NPAs. Also, censored technique of Tobit analysis is applied to validate the results. A sample consisting of 37 Indian banks for the period 2005 – 2013 has been considered. The study revealed that there exist certain patterns in NPAs in the Indian Banks. Private sector banks have consistently lower NPAs as compared to public sector banks. The study also finds out that several firm level factors such as capital adequacy ratios, profitability, and size are helpful in predicting NPAs for the Indian Banks

The purpose of the current paper is to examine the incidence of profit persistence among Indian banks. The study also aims at analysing the dynamic relationship between firm wide factors and profitability in the Indian Banking Industry. Advance dynamic panel models have been deployed to estimate the relationship between various bank-wide factors and performance. The Arellano and Bond (1991) and Blundell and Bond (1998) estimation techniques have been used to generate the results. A sample of 51 banks operating in India during the period 2005–2013 has been considered. The results confirm incidence of positive profit persistence among Indian banks. The results are also robust while utilising two different measures of profitability including return on assets and net profit margin. The results also display that, government ownership, lending to sensitive sectors, and non-performing assets are negatively associated with profitability. On the other hand fund-based income, and tier-two capital adequacy ratio is positively associated with profitability. The results lend support to resource-based view and indicate that banks create valuable resources to sustain their competitive advantage

This study is an effort to understand the impact of cannibalization on product return under different demand scenarios during product life cycle. A system dynamic model is used to estimate product return for a hypothetical product P. The results of the study reveal that product return increases with increasing product demand during growth stage under the exposure of cannibalization, and product return decreases with increase in cannibalization during maturity stage. Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) can venture into remanufacturing during growth stage and it can lead to capital investment saving at initial product life cycle stage. However, during maturity stage venturing is not recommended.

Determining the optimum number of suppliers and the optimum quantities to order from each of them is a critical problem for any supply chain. This paper has mathematically arrived at conditions to identify the appropriate sourcing strategy in a multi-period scenario for a stochastic supply and a stochastic demand environment. It has also obtained the total order quantity, optimum number of suppliers and order allocation to each of the suppliers under both uncertain demand and supply in the multiple-period context. Through a numerical analysis this work could bring interesting managerial insights about the sourcing strategies.

Determining the optimum number of suppliers and the optimum quantities to order from each of them is a critical problem for any supply chain. This paper has mathematically arrived at conditions to identify the appropriate sourcing strategy in a multi-period scenario for a stochastic supply and a stochastic demand environment. It has also obtained the total order quantity, optimum number of suppliers and order allocation to each of the suppliers under both uncertain demand and supply in the multiple-period context. Through a numerical analysis this work could bring interesting managerial insights about the sourcing strategies.

Climate response function has been estimated using regression model to examine the impact of climate change on crop productivity. Response of crop productivity of rice has been captured utilizing panel data for the period 1981-2010, using a production function. Impact of changes in mean maximum, mean minimum temperature and actual rainfall during crop growing period on yield of rice has been estimated at the overall state level in Andhra Pradesh. As climate is not the only variable influencing yield, other influencing input variables like irrigation, fertilizer consumption and labor inputs have been taken in to consideration to examine their relative effect.

The paper reviews the existing studies on insider trading, market efficiency, and regulation. We suggest that insider trading information is useful to escalate the price discovery. However, most of studies on insider trading are concentrated on developed markets. Hence, the paper identifies areas where research is needed. We show that insider trading issue should be evaluated on emerging markets so that proper regulation on insider trading can be framed category are those which exist from the initial stage of CRM adoption and when left unattended, affect the further addition of channels for CRM purposes. The contemporary challenges are reflected primarily when there are multiple channels provided to the customers for various services. The findings of this study would assist the formulations of a road map for pre-preparation, selection and adoption of technological solutions for extending CRM services on multiple channels

The paper explores the lead-lag relationship between the variables of order imbalance and return in futures and spot markets. Order imbalance is defined as the difference between buyer and seller initiated trades. Using tick test, the trades have been classified as buyer and seller initiated. The paper finds positive correlation between the variables of order imbalance in the futures market and the returns in the spot market. This relationship is further explored using a VAR framework for daily as well as a shorter interval of 120 min. The results reveal that even after controlling for lagged futures and spot returns, the futures market imbalance has a significant effect on spot market returns

The objective is to understand the riskiness of Indian banks using risk index and probability of insolvency across bank groups and also to understand the impact of Basel II norms on riskiness of banks in India. Overall risk of the Indian banks is captured through risk index suggested by Hannan and Hanweck (1988). The risk index is often referred to as the distance-to-default and the Z-score incorporates net income volatility, the level of returns and the amount of capital held in a single measure. Inclusion of capital in the measure is important as it serves as a buffer against failure. The article provides empirical insights about the impact of Basel II norms on riskiness of Indian banks. It is found that foreign banks have least riskiness followed by state bank group, nationalised banks and private banks. The riskiness of Indian banking industry has decreased the probability of insolvency after implementation of Basel norms. The article includes implications for the banks to understand degree of riskiness for a bank with reference to a bank group and entire banking industry. This article fulfils an identified need to study how Basel II norms affected riskiness of Indian banks and relative riskiness of the bank groups

The healthcare sector is facing spiralling cost burden and the hospitals are finding tough time to provide quality care at affordable cost. The focus has shifted from managing procurement to managing relationships. This study conceptualizes supply chain collaboration (SCC) and its components in the context of healthcare service sector (hospital supply chain). The theoretical base of this paper lies in the relational view and the service dominant logic theory. Using a service dominant logic (SDL) lens, the study aims at establishing SCC as an antecedent to value co- creation (VCC); where VCC acts as a mediator in the relationship between SCC with firm performance. The study also aims at introducing the conceptual construct of relationship complexity level and attempts at investigating its influence on the framework relationships. The study by establishing parallels between the relational view and the SD logic view rationally converges to show that collaboration is the final prescribed outcome. The study logically puts forth a set of propositions that offers an enticing scope of further empirical investigation through testable hypotheses.

This study measures the impact of managerial networks on firm growth. A simple random technique was used to select 680 firms and a top manager from each firm. A structured pretested questionnaire was designed to collect information. The sample firms were further stratified into subgroups based on size of firms (small firms and large) and business sectors (manufacturing and service firms). Statistical tests and multivariate models were formulated for data analysis. The managerial networking intensity was found to be a positive and significant determinant of firm growth regardless of type of business and size. Managerial networking with buying firms or buyers, competitors, and government officials were found positive and statistical significant determinants of firm growth.

Hedging means making an investment to reduce the risk of adverse price movements in an asset. Normally, a hedge consists of taking an offsetting position in a related security, such as a futures contract. Stock index future is a derivative where the underlying asset is an index, meaning gain and loss of the future contract is a reflection of movement in the stock index price. The contract onto entered between two parties. One party takes a long position, meaning he has to take delivery of the underlying asset and the other party takes a short position, meaning he has to deliver the underlying asset. In Indian futures market the actual delivery is rare and thus . only the price movements affect the profit/loss of the parties.

Social networking sites (SNS) have acquired the fascination of academicians for quite some time now due to its unique advantages and outreach. This research aims at examining the antecedents of SNS usage from the perspective of people who fear or prefer avoiding face-to-face communication as well as those who lack meaningful relations in their life. Drawing upon uses and gratifications theory (U & G) and self-determination theory, we identify the motives for SNS usage and its impact on individual's well-being

The importance of multichannel Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is gaining interest due to the increasing demands of customer and their changing preferences. The challenges also have changed due to the technological developments. This study was conducted to identify the technological challenges influencing CRM adoption in multichannel environment. It mainly identifies the contemporary challenges of multichannel CRM implementation. In-depth case analysis and interviews of implementation experts were used in analysing the implementation of a leading financial services organisation. The study found that the key issues impacting multichannel CRM implementation fall into two categories: classical and contemporary challenges. The challenges kept in classical category are those which exist from the initial stage of CRM adoption and when left unattended, affect the further addition of channels for CRM purposes. The contemporary challenges are reflected primarily when there are multiple channels provided to the customers for various services. The findings of this study would assist the formulations of a road map for pre-preparation, selection and adoption of technological solutions for extending CRM services on multiple channels

Commitment is said to be one of the most widely researched topic in the area of Organizational Behavior. Various desirable consequences come to pass as results of commitment. Commitment has also been linked to performance but this has been found to be one of the most under-researched variables linked to it. Another variable that has not been researched vis –a- vis commitment is competence. This article addresses these gaps and has tried to relate both performance and competence to commitment. Specifically, this article has focused on continuance commitment. This article has been divided into various sections. The first section is a literature review on commitment. The second section discusses competency, what it means, and a resource based view of competencies has been discussed. Finally a link between competency and commitment and between commitment and performance has been established. Two propositions have been put forward to this end. The article concludes with a brief discussion on implications for research and practice.

The study examines the relationship among the cognitive biases (viz., overconfidence, illusion of control, optimism and planning fallacy), risk perception and individual’s decision to start a venture. To understand the relationship, this study developed and tested a model by partial least square—structural equation modelling. The study collected responses from 136 post graduate students after teaching discussion of a Harvard Business School case titled ‘Optical Distortion, Inc (Clarke 1988)’.This study found that planning fallacy and illusion of control have direct as well as indirect influence on new venture formation. Conversely, overconfidence and optimism have influenced new venture formation through risk perception. The study also indicates the overall preparation of management graduates for being an entrepreneur. It would act as an indicator of entrepreneurial orientation. All these understandings would be used as a base for the teaching of business skills as well as increasing the understanding the potential Indian entrepreneur’s minds towards the entrepreneurship and risk perception in particular

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the efficiency analysis of the Indian general insurance sector using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and subsequently assess the impact (if any) of the global slowdown on the performance of the allied sector

The aim of the paper is to identify interactions existing among the identified factors and understanding how they impact adoption intention so that better CRM strategies for mobile channel can be orchestrated

Box spread is a trading strategy in which one simultaneously buys and sells options having the same underlying asset and time to expiration, but different exercise prices. This study examined the efficiency of European style S&P CNX Nifty Index options of National Stock Exchange, (NSE) India by making use of high- frequency data on put and call options written on Nifty (Time-stamped transactions data) for the time period between 1st January 2002 and 31st December 2005 using box-spread arbitrage strategy. The advantages of box-spreads include reduced joint hypothesis problem since there is no consideration of pricing model or market equilibrium, no consideration of inter-market non-synchronicity since trading box spreads involve only one market, computational simplicity with less chances of mis-specification error, estimation error and the fact that buying and selling box spreads more or less replicates risk-free lending and borrowing. One thousand three hundreds and fifty eight exercisable box- spreads were found for the time period considered of which 78 Box spreads were found to be profitable after incorporating transaction costs (32 profitable box spreads were identified for the year 2002, 19 in 2003, 14 in 2004 and 13 in 2005) The results of our study suggest that internal option market efficiency has improved over the years for S&P CNX Nifty Index options of NSE India.

Green marketing is a phenomenon which is rapidly gaining importance in the modern market. It has redefined the way of marketing as well as packaging products; also there is an increasing trend among companies to adopt this concept for portraying an environment friendly as well as a socially responsible organization. Even consumers are becoming increasingly concerned about the effect of environment by the products being used by them, leading to an integration of environmental issues in their purchase decisions. Hence corporates are facing the double dilemma of balancing the consumer needs, using environmentally friendly material& keeping the costslow.

The major objective of this research was identifying and modeling of factors impacting successful technology transfer from Indian publicly funded R&D institutions to industry. Through a content analysis 27 variables have been identified, which are likely to impact a successful technology transfer. A conceptual technology transfer (TT) model and the hypotheses in terms of the identified variables were formulated. Through a questionnaire survey we have obtained the perceptions of 734 respondents from the concerned stakeholders on the relevance and importance of 27 variables in achieving successful technology transfer. The survey data was analyzed using factor analysis and regression analysis. The results of the empirical studies not only confirmed the conceptual model consisted of five TT facilitating factors and one outcome factor of successful technology transfer but also identified 10 critical variables that the stakeholders need to manage to achieve successful technology transfer

For the past few decades the technology acceptance model (TAM) has dominated the research on factors affecting the acceptance of new technology. The two fundamental constructs, ease of use and usefulness, in the model may not, however, fully explain the consumers’ behaviour in an emerging environment. This research paper primarily aims to examine a framework for mobile-customer relationship adoption process. In this paper TAM has been extended to analyse the factors for successful adoption of mobile application used for CRM purposes. The key elements that emerged are perceived value, compatibility, and security and privacy concerns. Interestingly profound combined effect of factors like risk, trust, security and privacy was found in the case of mobile CRM.

This paper investigates discrepancy between passengers’ expectations and perception towards the quality of services provided by Public Bus Transport Corporation using weighted Service Quality scores by loadings derived from factor analysis. This study uses a convenience sampling method to collect data from 585 passengers of the Public Transport Corporation. The results showed that ‘bus service’, bus stand service’ dimensions are, the important, while ‘ticket booking’ is the least important element of the quality. Finally, managerial implications for the public transport corporation and suggestions for future research are provided

This paper aims to study the relative information shares of spot and futures market at the individual stock level to measure the price discovery in spot and futures market in the Indian capital markets. We find that the spot and futures prices are co-integrated and mutually adjusting. Building on Information Share approach of Hasbrouck, the price discovery share of futures segment is about 36% compared to that of spot segment is 64%. It is expected that futures market contribute more towards price discovery given huge trading volumes and they carry the natural advantage of cost-effectiveness in terms of leverage benefit. However, the empirical result (or the fact) is spot market leadership in price discovery and this fact is reconciled by probing the clientele of futures market and is consistent with very active participation of retail traders in futures segment.

The purpose of this paper is to study the empirical relationship between order imbalance and returns in the backdrop of structural changes in the Indian market.

The concept of Country of Origin (COO) has been used by many researchers in order to study the context of purchasing products made in the home country vis-a-vis products that are available globally. The concept of COO is viewed as an important cue which would impact consumer decision-making process. This paper presents an extensive literature review of COO. The study has been done from a marketing perspective, and it also tries to draw a relationship between COO and Brand Origin (BO), and considers the role of COO in purchase decision making. A holistic approach has been adopted to understand all the related attributes of COO

This article studies the difference in service quality between public sector banks and new generation private sector banks based on the SERVQUAL dimensions as perceived by Indian customers. It also compares banks within these sectors on the given parameters. The authors also develop a perceptual map considering the SERVQUAL dimensions as attributes. The results suggest that the new generation private sector banks are perceived to provide better quality services as compared to public sector banks. In addition, the perception about the quality of services also varies between banks within the same sector

The purpose of this paper is to study the extent of behavioral acculturation of consumer culture (B‐ACC) and attitudinal acculturation of consumer culture (A‐ACC) among the urban, educated, middle class Indian consumers. It also aims to test if B‐ACC and A‐ACC among various demographic segments of Indian consumers differ on the basis of their ownership/usage of foreign brands vis‐à‐vis Indian brands

The purpose of the paper was to formulate a framework for supply side risk and empirically validate the same in the Indian context. A framework was developed for supply side risk by starting with a structured literature review complemented with theoretical underpinnings from the principles of Resource Based Value, Transaction Cost Economies and the Relational Capital Theory. The study validated the framework through a survey of 164 purchasing and supply chain managers in India. The study used confirmatory factor analysis to develop the measurement model. Structural equation modeling was deployed for testing the proposed structural relationships and hypotheses. The findings clearly indicated that factors such as supplier concentration, supplier dependence, sourcing strategies and trust towards customers enhanced the supply side risk situation for the organization. In contrast to this, trust towards suppliers and high level of information sharing among the supply chain partners created undesired risk

This paper is the first to explore the impact of culture on the acceptability of workplace bullying and to do so across a wide range of countries. Physically intimidating bullying is less acceptable than work related bullying both within groups of similar cultures and globally. Cultures with high performance orientation find bullying to be more acceptable while those with high future orientation find bullying to be less acceptable. A high humane orientation is associated with finding work related bullying to be less acceptable. Confucian Asia finds work-related bullying to be more acceptable than the Anglo, Latin America, and Sub-Saharan Africa country clusters and finds physically intimidating bullying to be more acceptable than the Anglo and Latin America country clusters. The differences in the acceptability of bullying with respect to these cultures are partially explained in terms of cultural dimensions.

This paper addresses the link between wisdom and leadership literature previously unaddressed by studies linking wisdom and leadership. Specifically, it seeks to find a relationship between wisdom and transformational leadership literature and also takes into account both the eastern and western concepts of wisdom in its explicit and implicit form. In the initial section, a literature review of transformational leadership and wisdom leadership has been taken up, and in the later section, a link between the two literatures have been proposed. Limitations of the study and directions for future research have also been addressed

This quantitative study is conducted in the state of Orissa in India to understand the determinants of dropout of members from women self-help groups. Stratified random sampling method was employed to select 40 sample SHG members from 16 self-help groups from 6 villages. Descriptive statistics and t-significance test was used to understand the difference between active borrowers and dropout members across a set of selected variables. The logit regression model was used to analyze the possible predictors of dropout of members from self-help groups. The hypothesis testing was done through the logit regression. From the analysis, the possible determinants of members’ dropout from their respective self-help groups were observed to be loan size, group size, group meeting, group savings, total loans received, number of loans received, literacy position of the members and interest rates on the loans

Due to the nature of banking and the important role of banks in the economy in capital formation, banks should be more closely watched than any other type of economic unit in the economy. The CAMEL supervisory system in banking sector is a substantial improvement over the earlier systems in terms of frequency, coverage and focus. In the present study an attempt is made to evaluate relative performance of banks in India using CAMEL approach. It is found that public sector banks have significantly improved indicating positive impact of the reforms in liberalizing interest rates, rationalizing directed credit and Investments and increasing competition

This paper seeks to explore whether predisposition towards foreign brands and consumer acculturation would differ across demographic segments in an emerging market (India). Further, the paper aims to investigate if predisposition towards foreign brands (acting as a proxy for forces of globalization) would lead to consumer acculturation among consumers in India

The rapid growth of mobile technologies and devices makes it possible for the customers of banking services to conduct banking at any place and at any time. Today, most of the banks in the world provide mobile access to its customers for banking as mobile banking systems improve their efficiency and reduce transaction costs. Banks invested heavily in the mobile banking system hoping that its customers would embrace it with open arms. Contrary to the expectation, the lukewarm patronage to mobile banking makes it crucial to understand the factors that contribute to users’ intention to use mobile banking. This study extends the applicability of technology acceptance model (TAM) to the mobile banking context. Based on the review of literature, few additional constructs were added to the TAM. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the casual relationships proposed. Findings of the study support the proposed model’s ability of explaining the users’ intention to adopt mobile banking.

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The present study attempted to analyze the impact of capital and labour on gross firm output in Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). A cross-section sample size of 20 MSMEs were selected from Orissa state in India to understand firm efficiency in the perspective of labour and capital. The relationship of labour and capital with gross firm output was analyzed through linear production function model, Cobb-Douglas production model and surmounting logarithm production function model. Both labour and capital were found significant predictors of gross firm output in the selected MSMEs. Also MSMEs had registered decreased return to scale. The MSMEs in the service sector were likely to be labour-intensive to increase gross output, while capital is held as the stronger determinant of gross firm output in the manufacturing sector

Measuring the productivity of employees has been one of the concerns of IT organisations globally. It is indispensable to calculate the cost of the project vis-a-vis the time estimate. While calculating the lines of coding (Loc) has generally been the common criteria for programmers, it is not always considered an effective measure of the actual work done. The time spent on activities like attending training programmes, participating in meetings, co-coordinating with colleagues, or conceptualising, is presumably unaccounted. Questions lurking unanswered relate to the effective criteria and international benchmarks. Amusingly most companies have their own home-grown productivity calculators to track the progress of their projects. Productivity measurement is equally important for an organisation as well as an IT worker. Awareness of productivity paves way-for mutual progress-self and the organization. This paper, through illustrative-case examples, provides a holistic perspective of personnel productivity assessment methods used in Indian IT industry.

Banks harness the technological platforms known as Self Service Technologies (SSTs) to the maximum extent to deliver their services. Barring ATM the patronage to other channels is not overwhelming. Customers do need different level of skills and competence to create the services for them on the different types of SSTs. Hence it is necessary to identify the factors that influence the adoption of these SSTs. In this research through a structural equation model the adoption issues of internet banking as an SST was analyzed. The findings indicate that both trust in technology and self efficacy have a direct impact on attitude towards SSTs in general and the findings support the existence of hierarchy of attitudes that overall attitude have an effect on attitude towards internet banking. Further the results indicate that, though the satisfaction with existing channel does not have an impact on the attitude of SSTs in general, but it indirectly affects through trust in technology.

Maintaining ecological balance is a major issue confronting the corporate world today. The damage done to the environment has already crossed the threshold and reached alarming limits. Non-replenishable natural resources are getting depleted at a rapid pace. Generation of waste, including biodegradable pollutants, is increasing enormously. All these negative developments have forced mankind to think more seriously about conserving the environment. Green marketing is one such initiative towards environment protection, which is gaining popularity. Many people believe that green marketing refers solely to the promotion or advertising of products with environment-friendly characteristics. Various terms such as recyclable, refillable, ozone-friendly are related to green marketing, however, green marketing is a much broader concept and it can be applied even to the services. Thus, green marketing incorporates a broad range of activities which include but are not limited to product modification, changes to the production process, packaging changes, etc. Different groups of consumers have different levels of environmental concerns and thus different attitudes towards green marketing. The objective of the present study is to identify the factors representing consumers’ attitude towards green marketing in India. The paper also focuses on the review of prior research works done in the area of green marketing and identifies attitudinal dimensions relevant to the Indian context.

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the extent of susceptibility to interpersonal influence and price sensitivity prevalent among Indian youth, to test if there is a relationship between these two constructs and identify the reason for the same

The extant literature on supply chain performance identifies two contradictory views about the relationship between inventory performance and financial performance of supply chains. While there are studies that suggest a positive association between inventory turnover and financial performance, few studies {Tunc & Gupta (1993), Vastag & Whybark (2005)} found that inventory turnover has no relation with financial performance. In addition, most of the studies considered total inventory value as a proxy of inventory performance. Capkun et al. (2009) suggested that inventory performance can be divided into its discrete components such as Raw material inventory (RMI), Work-in- progress inventory (WIPI), and Finished goods inventory (FGI). India is fourth largest economy, by Purchasing power parity, of the world and almost all global firms have started their operations in India. Hence, it is important to study about Indian firms’ performance. It is noteworthy that there is not a single study, with respect to relationship between inventory performance and financial performance of supply chains, has been conducted for Indian firms. This paper is an attempt to study the relationship between the performance of the discrete components of inventory (RMI, WIPI, and FGI), and financial performance of Indian manufacturing firms

This study was carried out to understand the social performance of deposit taking and deposit non- taking MFIs, the determinants of MFIs' personnel size and their predictions, the possible determinants of women borrowers of MFIs and their consequences, and the determinants of the transformation of MFIs from deposit nontaking to deposit taking. For this study, a sample size of 90 MFIs i.e. 10 MFIs each from 9 countries, were randomly selected from the MIX Market data set. Descriptive statistics and econometric models were engaged in the study. It was found out that the MFIs staff strength is positively and significantly related with the size of active borrowers. The numbers of women borrowers in MFIs are significantly and positively determined by external borrowings of MFIs and their gross loan portfolio. The probability of transformation of MFIs from non- deposit taking to deposit taking is significantly determined by loan portfolio, borrowings, assets and number of active borrowers of MFIs

At present, the online education market in India generates about $200 mn in revenue, and industry experts expect it to touch $1 bn by the end of the decade. A report by National Knowledge Commission (NKC)'s working group on management education foresees threefold increase in demand for management graduates over the next 10-15 years. As the market opportunities for Online Management Education (OME) keeps increasing, there are concerns about the quality of education offered and level of learning achieved by the students. Based on the literature review, the paper outlines the quality issues and concerns associated with OME from stakeholder's (students, instructors and administrators) perspective, particularly from the Indian context. Further, it suggests a framework to assess the quality of OME in India.

This study was conducted with the objective of finding significant determinants of selection of livelihood options by the rural households. A multi-stage stratified random sampling technique was employed to select 40 cross-sectional sample households from 4 villages. Pretested structured household schedules were engaged to collect data. Descriptive statistics, multinomial logit model and multivariate model were used to analyse the data. The significant determinants for selection of livelihood options (i.e. farm based or micro-enterprise based) were found to be individual characteristics (innovativeness and risk taking ability, exposures, availability of micro-credit, participation in village based institutions and beneficiaries in Govt. sponsored programmes), household characteristics (literate members, traditional occupations and presence of old aged members in the family), and village characteristic (presence of forest, distance from block head quarter, presence of basic institutions and presence of market).

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The paper addresses the problem of partitioning and transporting a shipment of known size from a single source node to a single destination node using an n node time schedule network. In a time-schedule network every node in the network has a list of pre-specified departure times and departure from a node may take place only at one of these departure times. The objective of this paper is to develop heuristics to minimize the total transportation cost subject to a total time constraint.

This study attempts to find the interplay of cultural factors along with the technological and socioeconomic factors with regard to global diffusion of e-commerce. Many of the past studies on e-commerce diffusion have focused mainly on technological factors, very few studies have considered the effect of cultural and socioeconomic factors. This research examines how far the cultural and socioeconomic factors have a role to play in the country’s widespread adoption to e-commerce. A cross-country regression model analyzes the determinants of e-commerce diffusion to find the impact of cultural and socioeconomic factors along with technological factors. The results will throw light on the interplay of these factors in e-commerce diffusion, and could provide strategic insight for the firms implementing e-commerce. In this paper, e-commerce is defined as “the use of the Internet and other networking technologies for conducting business transactions” (Turban et al ., 2004).

The purpose of this paper is to develop an understanding of the primary concerns of a customer when they use mobile banking services and identify factors that can be used for making better mobile customer relationship management (mobile CRM) services in banking

The study is an investigation of the influence of an organization’s citizenship practices on its employees, in the Indian context. The major objective of the research is to explore and empirically investigate whether the perception of being a responsible company leads to increased employee commitment. Primary data for the study was collected through a web-based questionnaire survey of a cross-sectional sample of business executives working in the Indian service industry. The results of the regression analyses show that the employee perception of corporate citizenship has a positive and significant influence on an employee’s affective commitment and the relationship is mediated by organizational identification. Providing empirical support to the social identity theory, the study indicates that employees identify more with a company when they believe it to be a good corporate citizen and this identification translates into increased commitment. This study thus provides insights into the employee outcomes that organizations can hope to achieve from their citizenship investments

This paper investigates the impact of credit rating downgrades, reaffirmations, withdrawals and initiations, on the stock prices of all the stocks listed on the National Stock Exchange of India, from 1997 to 2008. Event study methodology has been used and it was found that apart from downgrades, no other actions under study, by the credit rating agencies, had any impact on the stock prices. While for downgrades, we find statistically significant negative impact after the change. Our results support the Information Hypothesis for the downgrades. The results are also contrary to the Efficient Market Hypothesis, according to which there should be no impact on the share prices due to upgrades or downgrades. Upgrades have not been studied due to the small sample size in that category

The paper studies the efficiency of the Indian equity and futures markets by applying statistical techniques to returns and volatility during trading and nontrading hours. Returns have been decomposed into trading and non-trading period returns by taking close to open, open to close and close to close prices. We find the presence of a weekend effect during the non-trading period in the spot index market, while, there is no day of the week effect in the index futures market. Also, the volatility in both the markets is higher during the trading period than during the non- trading period. Most of the studies on day of the week effects in the futures markets have focused on developed markets. India, even though is an emerging market, is one of the largest derivatives markets in the world. The study throws light on the efficiency of the futures market in the country and also presents a comparison with the spot market. It is also one of the first papers in the Indian context to look at trading and non-trading period returns separately

Despite advances in technology and major shifts in economy, people remain an organizations most valuable resource. Human capital and intellectual assets make a difference to the competitive advantage of the firm in a knowledge based industry. Employer Attractiveness (EA) is the prerequisite to attract and retain superior quality talent. Employer attractiveness can be defined as the envisioned benefits that a potential employee sees in working for a specific organization. This study empirically examines the elements of employer attractiveness in Information Technology (IT) industry from the perspective of current employees and determines the most attractive employer in the Indian IT industry. Results show that Indian IT employees valued economic factors, global opportunities, development factors, and application factors. Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) was the most attractive employer, followed by Infosys, Wipro, Polaris Software Lab and Hexaware

This paper examines empirically the impact of Self-help Group based microfinance on the social- economic characters like income, employment, literacy and migration of the rural households of Orissa state of India An attempt is made to carry out a quantitative study to supplement a large number of past qualitative researches, and to find out how self-help microfinance programs impacts households under different livelihood portfolios. A multi-stage stratified random sampling is employed and data collection is made through structured household’s schedules. Impact assessment is made by comparing a control group with the target group, and the test of significance is done through the paired i-test. Econometric models like logistic regression and probit model are used to analyse the data. The study came out with the result that the Self-help Group based microfinance has appositive impact on increasing the income, employment days and number of literate family members of the participating households; and decreased in the number of family members migrating and number of migrating days. Also the Self-help Group based microfinance programs have higher impact on households under the primary occupation of micro-enterprise & trading activity than that of the agriculture & allied activity across various households characteristics

This paper makes an attempt to analyze the pattern of economic growth of North Eastern (NE) States of India and comparative levels of growth in other advanced Indian states. The North Eastern states are lagging far behind the advanced Indian states in terms of economic development. So it is interesting to study the comparative levels of growth of these two groups of states. The reason for analyzing growth of NE states is that the rate and pattern of economic growth of these states are quite different from the other advanced Indian states. Growth curves were estimated by using the Gompertz growth equation and plotted using Gompertz software to see the comparative growth levels of these two groups of states.

This study investigates the informational role of options open interests and volume in predicting the future stock prices in Indian market. Most of the time, the uninformed traders lose to informed traders because they neither have private information nor the sophisticated knowledge to process the publicly available information. The most closely watched data are also the least informative. This study is an attempt to find out if the daily published and publicly available options data are informative and can be used to forecast the future stock price at maturity. Then the retail traders and investors will be able to minimize their loss to informed traders and enhance their portfolio performance. The sample of this study is 17 highly traded Nifty 50 index stocks from different sectors having significant share in the index. Predictors based on options price and options volume have been estimated, following Bhuyan and Williams (2004), and then used in the regression model as predictor variables of price at maturity both jointly and in isolation. The period of study covers stock options contract of three months (July-September 2009). Only near month contract is considered for the study because of liquidity concern. The coefficients of predictors are found to be significant and not statistically different across the study period. Consistent with the results of the previous studies, the results show thatoptions open interest and volume are relevant in forecasting future prices

There are various studies evaluating the performance of banking sector after reforms were initiated in 1991. Researchers attempted to evaluate the performance of banking sector from equity (societal) angle and efficiency (economic) angle. From ‘Equity’ viewpoint the assessment would be based on measures such as rural penetration of banks, distribution of funds to various sections of population or regions or sectors, extent of employment generation. From ‘Efficiency’ viewpoint, the assessment would be based on profitability, earnings efficiency, cost efficiency and assets quality of the various banks. Specific methods that are required to measure performance of banking units from ‘Efficiency ‘viewpoint are broadly of two types, viz., accounting measures and economic measures. Accounting measures refer to various financial ratios that focus on one or more outputs and their relevant inputs to measure the performance or productivity of a banking unit. Efficiency, being a normative concept, could be measured by comparing the bank’s performance as evaluated using these ratios against the best practices within or outside the country. In the case of accounting measures, various ratios are computed and each of them refers to a particular aspect of bank activity. Since the banking industry uses multiple inputs to produce multiple outputs, a precise inference may not always be possible. Further accounting ratios cannot identify factors influencing the performance of the banks. In order to overcome this limitation, alternative techniques are employed to capture all aspects of banking operations. These techniques, which are commonly referred to as ‘economic measures’ are broadly of two types – parametric regression approach (Multivariate regression analysis) and alternatively, the non-parametric approach (Data Envelopment Analysis)1 .There were studies in assessing the impact of ownership of banks and competition on the performance of Indian banking sector. The sections in this article deal with review of literature on various studies to evaluate the performance of Indian banking sector using various criteria

In the retail banking context, convergence of technologies has given birth to different channels of distribution like Automatic Teller machines (ATM), internet banking, and mobile banking. This enables the customer to avail the banking services at any time and any where. These technological interfaces are known as self service technologies (SSTs). Customers availing banking services through these SSTs get more benefits in terms of time, cost and energy. Despite these benefits the customer trial, adoption and repeat usage of SSTs vary among banking customers. Although the kinds of service one can avail from these SST are similar, the patronage among the SSTs differs. The SST channel choice could be attributed to various factors viz., Nature of service to be availed or purpose, Perceived risk, Requirements and Benefits. When it comes to predicting customer priority among alternatives, Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) has been proved as an effective technique. This paper explores the factors influencing customer choice of SSTs by employing AHP technique

Firms across the globe have adopted e-commerce (EC) in their operations and have reaped benefits thereof. While firms in technologically developed countries like US and UK has deployed EC to its advantage, whereas firms in developing countries like India failed to follow the suit. Though it has been widely acknowledged by the researchers that the adoption of EC by businesses in developing countries is an important economic indicator of growth; many firms in India still have not realized the potential benefits of EC. This study examines the existing status of EC in India and reviews the available literature on E-commerce adoption in India and puts forth opportunities for future research. The study might serve as a starting point for further research in e-commerce in India

Organizational inequality is the differences faced or perceived by the members in terms of power, opportunities, security, work, control, monetary benefits, respect, etc., in work. Despite growing awareness regarding the effects of discrimination in the workplace on individuals and organizations, and the growing policies to tackle it, the data suggests that inequality is still deep-rooted in the organization and society. The study aims to present lenses to the readers on how 'doing gender' continues to be a common phenomenon. This article examines the research gaps in the studies of inequalities, discrimination (especially gender inequality) faced by employees. Apart from analysing research gaps, the investigation takes a turn-by-turn approach to understand why, where such atmosphere is present. The study uses a text analytics approach to understand areas of problems and, finally, who can possibly fix them. The overall understanding of this issue and the factors involved enables us to realize better research gaps. It concludes to give a better perspective to approach this ongoing issue and provides a direction to proceed further.

Non-performing Assets (NPAs) have termed out to be a major stumbling block affecting the performance of Indian Banks. Several measures were initiated by the Reserve Bank of India to reduce incidence of NPAs. For the first time in the last several years, public sector banks in India witnessed decline in gross NPAs for the year 2018-2019. In this paper, an attempt is made to understand the reasons for the incidences of NPAs during 2006 to 2019 by studying the public sector and private sector banks in India. Dynamic regression model was developed to understand the influence of past NPAs on incidence of current NPAs. Surprisingly, the influence of previous year asset quality is not significantly influencing current year asset quality. Size of the bank, profitability, credit growth, priority sector lending, accretion of NPAs and economic growth continue to have significant impact on the asset quality of the banks in India.

Non-performing Assets (NPAs) have termed out to be a major stumbling block affecting the performance of Indian Banks. Several measures were initiated by the Reserve Bank of India to reduce incidence of NPAs. For the first time in the last several years, public sector banks in India witnessed decline in gross NPAs for the year 2018-2019. In this paper, an attempt is made to understand the reasons for the incidences of NPAs during 2006 to 2019 by studying the public sector and private sector banks in India. Dynamic regression model was developed to understand the influence of past NPAs on incidence of current NPAs. Surprisingly, the influence of previous year asset quality is not significantly influencing current year asset quality. Size of the bank, profitability, credit growth, priority sector lending, accretion of NPAs and economic growth continue to have significant impact on the asset quality of the banks in India.